L9: Use It

Question 1

What are the 4 main parts of the brain responsible for physical movement?

Answer 1

1. Frontal lobe
2. Motor cortex
3. Sensory cortex
4. Cerebellum

Question 2

What 2 parts of the body make up most of the motor cortex?

Answer 2

1. Hands
2. Face

Question 3

Cortospinal tract

Answer 3

The cortospinal tract is the major neuronal pathway responsible for motor movements

Question 4

Cerebellum

Answer 4

The cerrebellum is responsible for motor learning, allowing the brain to compare the desired motor output with the actual motor output

Question 5

Basal ganglia

Answer 5

The basal ganglia filters movements from the motor cortex, iniating and terminate movements as need be

Question 6

What is a simplified process of all the major areas of the brain involved with motor control?

Answer 6

Frontal lobe → Cerebellum → Basal ganglia → Motor cortex

Question 7

What are the 4 training goals of resistance training?

Answer 7

1. Strength
2. Power (speed of strength)
3. Hypertrophy
4. Muscle endurance

Question 8

What kind of load and reps are needed for strength and power resistance training?

Answer 8

High load, low reps

Question 9

What kind of loads and reps are needed for hypertrophy and endurance resistance training?

Answer 9

Hypertrophy: Moderate load, moderate reps

Endurance: Low load, high reps

Question 10

How does hypertrophy differ from hyperplasia?

Answer 10

Hypertrophy: The growth of muscle cells.

Hyperplasia: The increase of muscle cells due to them splitting (does not occur in humans)

Question 11

What are 4 factors that influence muscle hypertrophy?

Answer 11

1. Genetics
2. Endocrine influences (hormones)
3. Physical activity
4. Nutritional intake

Question 12

When people first begin resistance training, why does strength increase before hypertrophy?

Answer 12

Strength tends to increase before hypertrophy because the neural networks responsible for motor movement become more numerous and active

Question 13

How long does strength take to increase due to hypertrophy and not neural networks?

Answer 13

At least 2 weeks. This is why fitness programmes run for several weeks or months

Question 14

What happens to capillaries and mitochondria with increased aerobic exercise?

Answer 14

Capillaries and mitochondria tend to increase in size and number, allowing blood to pumped more efficiently and effectively throughout the body