L6: Metabolism and Diet

Question 1

How much more energy does an active and athletic person need than a sedentry person?

Answer 1

Active: 25%
Athlete: 100%

Question 2

What is the difference between ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and ADP (Adenosine diphosphate)?

Answer 2

ATP is muscles’ energy source whilst ADP is an intermediate product that the body converts into ATP during exercise

Question 3

What 2 waste products do catabolic processes for ATP produce?

Answer 3

1. Water
2. Carbon dioxide

Question 4

What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?

Answer 4

Anabolism: Build up
Catabolism: Break down

Question 5

What two cellular components produce ATP and what are their respective respiration processes?

Answer 5

1. Cystol (anaerobic respiration)
2. Mitochondrean (aerobic respiration)

Question 6

How does the cystol prodice ATP?

Answer 6

The cystol quickly produces small amounts of ATP through glycolysis. It splits glucose moleculres without the need of oxygen

Question 7

What is the disadvantage of the cytol’s ATP process?

Answer 7

It only produces small amounts of ATP. Furthermore, it produces lactic acid which contributes to muscle soreness

Question 8

How does the mitochodrion produce ATP?

Answer 8

The mitochondrion uses oxygen to fully break down glucose molecules until only water and carbon dioxide are left

Question 9

What is the disadvantage of the mitochondrion’s ATP production process?

Answer 9

It is slower than the cytosol’s glycolysis and requires oxygen in sufficient quantities

Question 10

How does aerobic exercise affect how mitochondrion produce ATP?

Answer 10

Aerobic exercise increases mitochondrial content and their ability to metabolize fat

Question 11

How does sedentry behaviour affect mitochondrial content and their ability to metabolize fat

Answer 11

Sedentry behaviour leads to mitochondrial loss and dysfunction, reducing the body’s ability to metabolize fat, causing weight gain and greater insulin resistance

Question 12

What happens to people’s bodily composition when just undertaking diet and not exercise?

Answer 12

People only undertaking diet tend to lose both fat and muscle

Question 13

What happens to people’s bodily composition when undertaking diet and exercise?

Answer 13

People undertaking diet in conjunction with exercise tend to lose fat while gaining muscle

Question 14

Why is the human genome not suitable for modern life?

Answer 14

The human genome suits cycles of feast/famine where hunter-gatherers regularly expended energy. It allowed the body to store fat in preparation for famine

Question 15

What are 2 advantages of intermittent fasting?

Answer 15

1. Somewhat mimics feast/famine cycles
2. Restricts eating pattern rather than food groups

Question 16

What are 3 disadvantages to intermittent fasting?

Answer 16

1. Not good for minors or people trying to gain weight
2. Difficult to consume enough protein
3. People tend to feel fatigued

Question 17

What is 1 advantage of the paleo diet?

Answer 17

1. It excludes all processed foods

Question 18

What are 2 disadvantages of the paleo diet?

Answer 18

1. It excludes 3 food groups (dairy, grains, and legumes)
2. It is difficult to consume calcium and fibre

Question 19

What is the 1 sub-group of the population who may find benefit in the keto diet?

Answer 19

Epileptic children as it prevents seizures

Question 20

What are 2 disadvantages of the keto diet?

Answer 20

1. It is extremely difficult to sustain for longer periods of time
2. It cuts out grains, so it is difficult to consume fibre

Question 21

What are 3 advantages to the Mediterranean diet?

Answer 21

1. Encourages the consumption of whole grains and legumes
2. Encourages the consumption of healthy unsaturated fats
3. Lowers LDL and raises HDL