L5: Energy for Movement

Question 1

What 3 rules govern the body’s use/access to energy?

Answer 1

1. Sufficient
2. Accessible
3. Useful form

Question 2

Macronutrients

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 3

Why does the body need macronutrients?

Answer 3

The body needs macronutrients to produce energy. Enzymes break down molecular bonds in macronutrients to produce ATP

Question 4

What is the coversion rate of kJ to kcal?

Answer 4

1 kJ = 0.239 kcal

Question 5

kcal

Answer 5

1 kcal increases 1kg of water by 1°C

Question 6

What is the primary difference between simple and complex carbohydrates? Which is better?

Answer 6

Complex carbohydrates are harder to break down. Because of this, they provide long lasting energy. They also tend to have more fibre and are less processed

Question 7

Why is protien not the body’s primary source of energy?

Answer 7

It is difficult for the body to convert protein into energy. Furthermore, it has better uses like bone and muscle repair

Question 8

What proportions of macronutrients does an active person tend to eat per day?

Answer 8

Carbohydrates: 60%
Fats: 25%
Protein: 15%

Question 9

REE

Answer 9

Resting energy expenditure. Also known as basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 10

DEE

Answer 10

Diet-induced energy expenditure

Question 11

AEE

Answer 11

Activity-induced energy expenditure

Question 12

What energy expenditure category is easiest to manipulate?

Answer 12

AEE through exercise or physical activity

Question 13

What proportion of energy do REE, DEE, and AEE tend to use?

Answer 13

REE: 60%
DEE: 10%
AEE: 30%

Question 14

How does sex affect metabolism?

Answer 14

Men tend to have a higher metabolism (hormones, height, and size)

Question 15

How and why does age affect metabolism?

Answer 15

Metabolism tends to decrease with age as they lose muscle (muscle has a higher metabolism than fat)

Question 16

Turnover

Answer 16

The adding and removing of components within the body (energy, proteins, minerals, etc)

Question 17

What 2 things does metabolism consist of?

Answer 17

1. Anabolism (+ve)
2. Catabolism (-ve)

Question 18

What are the 3 types of energy/caloric balance?

Answer 18

1. Isocaloric balance
   Energy intake = Energy expenditure
2. Positive caloric balance
   Energy intake > Energy expenditure
3. Negative caloric balance
   Energy intake < Energy expenditure

Question 19

In what 3 places does the body store energy?

Answer 19

1. Liver
2. Adipose tissue
3. Skeletal muscle

Question 20

If carbohydrate and fat in muscle only comprise a small proportion of total energy, why does the body use them?

Answer 20

They are the muscles’ most accessible ans useful form of energy.

They will not use protein unless completely necessary, and other sources of fat take longer to process.

Question 21

What 2 energy sources increase in muscles with regular exercise?

Answer 21

1. Carbohydrates (glycogen)
2. Protein