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Anatomy > L9: Neuro/viscerocranium > Flashcards

L9: Neuro/viscerocranium Flashcards

1
Q

What is the viscerocranium? What is the neurocranium? What embryological structures are these derived from?

A
  • Viscerocranium refers to the facial skeleton that is derived from the pharyngeal arches.
  • Neurocranium refers to cranium that houses brain and is derived from paraxial mesoderm.
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2
Q

Components of viscerocranium?

A
  • Mandible
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic
  • Nasal
  • Ethmoid (except cribriform plate)
  • Lacrimal
  • Pterygoid process of sphenoid
  • Tympanic part and styloid process of temporal bone
  • Palatine
  • Vomer
  • Inferior Nasal Concha
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3
Q

Components of neurocranium?

A
  • Frontal
  • Petrous, mastoid and squamous parts of temporal bone
  • Occipital
  • Parietal
  • Sphenoid
  • Cribriform plate of ethmoid
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4
Q

What are calvaria?

A
  • Unique plate-like bones comprised of inner and outer tables with diploë, marrow rich structure that are primary sources of RBCs, of frontal, parietals, occiptal and squamous temporal bones.
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5
Q

What are diploë?

A
  • Marrow rich structure in calvaria that are sources of RBCs.
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6
Q

Use netter’s flash cards to identify bones and features of neuro/viscerocranium.

A
  • Just do it!
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7
Q

What are the bones of the orbit?

A
  • Frontal
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic
  • Sphenoid
  • Ethmoid
  • Palatine
  • Lacrimal
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8
Q

What are the bones of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Maxilla
  • Ethmoid
  • Lacrimal
  • Nasal
  • Vomer
  • Palatine bones
  • Sphenoid (medial pterygoid plates)
  • Inferior nasal concha
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9
Q

Name paranasal sinuses.

A
  • Frontal
  • Maxillary
  • Sphenoidal
  • Ethmoid air cells
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10
Q

Describe Le Fort Fractures I, II and II.

A

I: horizontal fracture detaching maxilla along the nasal floor
II: pyramidal fracture includes both maxillae, nasal bones, infraorbital rims and orbital floors
III: includes Le Fort II and both zygomatic bones

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11
Q 
Describe where each of the following sutures occur:
Sagittal
Coronal
Lambdoidal
Metopic/frontal
Squamosal
Occipitomastoidal
Sphenoparietal
A
  • Sagittal: along sagittal plane bw parietal bones
  • Coronal: along coronal plane bw frontal and parietal bones
  • Lambdoidal: between occiptal bone and barietal bones
  • Metopic: between two growth centers of frontal bone along sagittal plane. Usually fully fused and not seen
  • Squamosal: bw squamous part of temporal and parietal bone
  • Occipitomastoidal: bw occipital and petrous part of temporal bone
  • Sphenoparietal: bw sphenoid and parietal bones
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12
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A
  • Deformities result from premature closes of cranial sutures, appear to be genetic in nature.
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13
Q

What are the types of craniosynostoses? Describe.

A
  • Scaphocephaly: fusion of sagittal suture (most)
  • Brachycelphaly: fusion of coronal suture
  • Plagiocephaly: fusion of 1 side of either coronal or lambdoidal suture
  • Trigonocephaly: fusion of metopic suture
  • Kleeblattschädel (clover leaf): fusion of coronal, lambdoidal and sagittal sutures (rare)
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14
Q

What is microcephaly? Hydrocephaly?

A
  • Microcephaly: number of congenital issues cause this. Premature fusion of all sutures and fontanelles in early development preventing brain and cranium from growing. Result = severe retardation.
  • Hydrocephaly: congenital inability to absorb CSF resulting in overproduction and increased ICP causes growth and expansion of calvarial bones along suture.
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15
Q

Describe cranial landmarks.

A
  • Bregma: pt where sagittal and coronal sutures meet
  • Lambda: pt where sagittal and lambdoidal sutures meet
  • Glabella: most anterior midline pt of frontal bone
  • Nasion: intersection pt of nasofrontal suture and midsagittal plane
  • Pterion: intersection of frontal, temporal, sphenoid and parietal bones
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16
Q

Describe Bregma.

A
  • Bregma: pt where sagittal and coronal sutures meet
17
Q

Describe Lamda:

A
  • Lambda: pt where sagittal and lambdoidal sutures meet
18
Q

Describe Glabella:

A
  • Glabella: most anterior midline pt of frontal bone
19
Q

Describe Nasion:

A
  • Nasion: intersection pt of nasofrontal suture and midsagittal plane
20
Q

Describe Pterion:

A
  • Pterion: intersection of frontal, temporal, sphenoid and parietal bones
21
Q

What are the neurocranial fossa? Describe contents of each.

A
  1. ) Anterior cranial fossa: frontal lobe
  2. ) Middle cranial fossa: temporal lobe
  3. ) Posterior cranial fossa: cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata
22
Q

From which foramen do the cranial nerves transverse?

A

a.) CN I: cribriform plate foramina
b.) CN II: optic canal
c.) CN III: superior orbital fissure
d.) CN IV: superior orbital fissure
e.) CN V:
V1: supraorbital foramen, superior orbital fissure
V2: infraorbital foramen, inferior orbital fissure, greater/lesser palatine foramen, incisive foramen, foramen rotundum
V3: mental foramen, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum
f.) CN VI: superior orbital fissure
g.) CN VII: internal and external acoustic meatus, stylomastoid foramen
h.) CN VIII: internal and external acoustic meatus
i.) CN IX: jugular foramen
j.) CN X: jugular foramen
k.) CN XI: jugular foramen, foramen magnum
l.) CN XII: hypoglossal canal

23
Q

What CNs appear in the following foramina?

a. ) supraorbital foramen
b. ) infraorbital foramen
c. ) mental foramen
d. ) greater and lesser palatine foramen
e. ) incisive foramen
f. ) stylomastoid foramen
g. ) cribriform plate foramina
h. ) optic canal
i. ) superior orbital fissure
j. ) inferior orbital fissure
k. ) foramen rotundum
l. ) foramen ovale
m. ) foramen spinosum
n. ) foramen lacerum
o. ) carotid canal
p. ) foramen magnum
q. ) jugular foramen
r. ) hypoglossal canal
s. ) internal/external acoustic meatus

A
  • supraorbital foramen: CN V1
  • infraorbital foramen: CN V2
  • mental foramen: CN V3
  • greater and lesser palatine foramen: CN V2
  • incisive foramen: CN V2
  • stylomastoid foramen: CN VII
  • cribriform plate foramina: CN I
  • optic canal: CN II
  • superior orbital fissure: CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN VI
  • inferior orbital fissure: CN V2
  • foramen rotundum: CN V2
  • foramen ovale: CN V3
  • foramen spinosum: CN V3
  • foramen lacerum: no CN
  • carotid canal: no CN
  • foramen magnum: CN XI
  • jugular foramen: CN IX, CN X, CN XI
  • hypoglossal canal: CN XII
  • internal/external acoustic meatus: CN VII, CN VIII
24
Q

What structures (nerves, veins, arteries) appear in the following foramina?

a. ) supraorbital foramen
b. ) infraorbital foramen
c. ) mental foramen
d. ) greater and lesser palatine foramen
e. ) incisive foramen
f. ) stylomastoid foramen
g. ) cribriform plate foramina
h. ) optic canal
i. ) superior orbital fissure
j. ) inferior orbital fissure
k. ) foramen rotundum
l. ) foramen ovale
m. ) foramen spinosum
n. ) foramen lacerum
o. ) carotid canal
p. ) foramen magnum
q. ) jugular foramen
r. ) hypoglossal canal
s. ) internal/external acoustic meatus

A
  • supraorbital foramen: CN V1
  • infraorbital foramen: CN V2
  • mental foramen: CN V3
  • greater and lesser palatine foramen: CN V2 with greater and lesser palatine vessels
  • incisive foramen: CN V2, sphenopalatine vessels
  • stylomastoid foramen: CN VII
  • cribriform plate foramina: CN I
  • optic canal: CN II, ophthalmic artery
  • superior orbital fissure: CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN VI
  • inferior orbital fissure: CN V2
  • foramen rotundum: CN V2
  • foramen ovale: CN V3, accessory meningeal a
  • foramen spinosum: CN V3, middle meningeal a
  • foramen lacerum: no CN, internal carotid
  • carotid canal: no CN, internal carotid
  • foramen magnum: CN XI, medulla oblongata, vertebral arteries
  • jugular foramen: CN IX, CN X, CN XI, inferior petrosal sinus becomes int jugular v, posterior meningeal artery
  • hypoglossal canal: CN XII
  • internal/external acoustic meatus: CN VII, CN VIII

Anatomy (19 decks)

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