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Anatomy > L14: Cranial Nerves and Peripheral Distribution > Flashcards

L14: Cranial Nerves and Peripheral Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves do not arise from the brain stem?

A
  • CN I and II
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2
Q

Foramina through which CN I fibers travel?

A
  • Cribriform plate of ethmoid
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3
Q

Foramen through which CN II travels?

A
  • Optic foramen
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4
Q

Foramen through which CN III travels?

A
  • Superior orbital fissure
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5
Q

CN III function?

A
  • motor fibers to all extraocular muscles except SO and LR - Pre-ganglionic PSNS fibers to ciliary ganglion (for intrinsic eye muscles) and proprioception fibers
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6
Q

Damage to CN III will result in what?

A
  • Ptosis (drooping of upper eye lid) - Dilation of pupils
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7
Q

Course of trochlear nerve?

A
  • Dorsum of brain stem, penetrates dura to enter cavernous sinus then to superior orbital fissure to enter orbit.
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8
Q

Function of CN IV?

A
  • SO innervation
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9
Q

Ptosis and dilation of pupils is caused by damage to what CN?

A
  • CN III
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10
Q

Damage to CN IV will cause what?

A
  • double vision when pt looks downward and outward
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11
Q

Which CN has longest intracranial course?

A
  • CN IV
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12
Q

Which is the largest CN?

A
  • Trigeminal
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13
Q

Function of CN V

A
  • Sensory innervation to head - Motor innervation to muscles of mastication
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14
Q

Divisions of CN V Function?

A
  • CN V1 opthalmic (sensory) a.) Nasociliary: sensory to eyeball, several branches to orbit, face, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity b.) Frontal: sensory innervation to superior eyelid, scalp and forehead c.) Lacrimal: sensory to conjunctiva and skin of superior eyelid, distal carries secretomotor from zygomatic nerve (CN V2) - CN V2 maxillary (sensory) a.) Zygomatic: sensory to skin over zygomatic bone and skin bw and incl lower eyelid and upper lip b.) Palatine: sensory to soft and hard palates c.) Nasal: sensory to mucosa of nose d.) Infraorbital: sensory to skin bw and incl lower eyelid and upper lip - CN V3 mandibular (mixed) – Mnemonic = buccaneers are inferior linguists a.) Motor branches: motor to masticatory muscles, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini b.) Buccal: sensory to buccal mucosa and adjacent artery c.) Auriculotemporal: sensory to TMJ, ext acoustic meatus, skin of temple and scalp, has postG PSNS fibers for parotid d.) Inferior alveolar: motor to mylohyoid and ant belly digastric, sensory to mandibular teeth e.) Lingual: general sensation to ant 2/3rd tongue, taste fibers from ant 2/3rd of tongue and PSNS fibers to oral glands
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15
Q

Through which foramen do the divisions of CN V travel?

A
  • A.) Opthalmic = superior orbital fissure - B.) Maxillary = foramen rotundum - C.) Mandibular = foramen ovale
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16
Q

Course of inferior alveolar nerve of V3

A
  • Motor fibers leave before nerve enters mandibular foramen. Exits via mental foramen as mental nerve
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17
Q

With what nerve does PSNS fibers to parotid travel?

A
  • Auriculotemporal nerve of V3
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18
Q

Which CN arises from the first pharyngeal arch during embryological development?

A
  • Trigeminal nerve, CN V
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19
Q

Which CN arises from the second pharyngeal arch during embryological development?

A
  • CN VII
20
Q

Which CN arises from the third pharyngeal arch during embryological development?

A
  • CN IX
21
Q

Which CN arises from the fourth pharyngeal arch during embryological development?

A
  • CN X
22
Q

Function of CN VI? Course? Through what foramen does it travel?

A
  • LR m - Leaves brain and traverses through cavernous sinus goes through superior orbital fissure
23
Q

Damage to CN VI causes what?

A
  • No lateral movement of eye beyond midpoint
24
Q

Branches of CN VII

A

A.) In facial canal: branch to stapedius, chorda tympani and great petrosal nerve B.) Exiting stylomastoid foramen: to post belly digastric, stylohyoid and branches to muscles of facial expression (To Zanzibar By Motor Car: Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical)

25
Q

Function of CN VII:

A
  • Motor fibers to stapedius, post digastric, stylohyoid and muscles of facial expression - Taste fibers from ant 2/3rds of tongue (chorda tympani) and from palate - Secretory PSNS to sublingual, submandibular and lacrimal glands
26
Q

In what nerve do PSNS fibers to sublingual, submandibular glands travel?

A
  • CN VII
27
Q

In what nerve do PSNS fibers to lacrimal glands travel?

A
  • Greater petrosal nerve (preG fibers) of CN VII to pterygopalatine ganglion
28
Q

Two parts of CN VIII? Where does it divide?

A
  • Cochlear and vestibular - In the internal acoustic meatus
29
Q

Through what foramen does CN VIII travel?

A
  • Internal acoustic meatus
30
Q

Function of CN VIII?

A
  • Hearing (cochlear) and equilibrium (vestibular)
31
Q

Through what foramen does CN IX leave the cranium?

A
  • Jugular foramen
32
Q

Function of CN IX?

A
  • Motor to stylopharyngeus - Posterior 1/3rd tongue general sensation with circumvallate of entire tongue - Small branch to carotid sinus
33
Q

What forms pharyngeal plexus?

A
  • CN IX, CN X, CN XI and post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers
34
Q

General sensation from tongue is carried in what nerves?

A
  • Lingual of CN V3 to anterior 2/3rds - CN IX to posterior 1/3rd
35
Q

Taste from tongue is carried in what nerves?

A
  • Lingual of CN V3 to anterior 2/3rds (except circumvallate) - CN IX to posterior 1/3rd (plus circumvallate of tongue)
36
Q

Through what foramen does CN X travel?

A
  • Jugular foramen
37
Q

Branches of CN X?

A
  • Branches to pharyngeal plexus and soft palate - Superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves to larynx - Cardiac branches - Branch to carotid sinus
38
Q

In reference to major blood vessels, where does vagus nerve run?

A
  • Left vagus passes ant to arch of aorta and the right by passing over subclavian artery
39
Q

Course of CN XI?

A
  • Cranial portion leaves lateral brain stem and unites with spinal part to pass through jugular foramen - Cranial part separates after leaving foramen and joins vagus to contribute to pharyngeal plexus - Spinal part originates from C1-C5 levels enters cranium through foramen magnum to join cranial. Leaves cranial after exiting foramen and proceeds towards posterior triangle
40
Q

Function of CNXI?

A
  • Pharyngeal plexus - Motor innervation to SCM and trapezius
41
Q

Which foramen does the CN XI travel through?

A
  • Jugular foramen
42
Q

Through which foramen does CN XII travel?

A
  • Hypoglossal canal
43
Q

Course of CN XII?

A
  • Between internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein, loops around occipital artery to enter oral cavity
44
Q

Function of CN XII?

A
  • Motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
45
Q

What do lesions of CN XII cause?

A
  • Protruded tongue deviation towards side of lesion

Anatomy (19 decks)

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