L17: Oral and Nasal Cavities Flashcards
Two parts of the oral cavity
- Oral vestibule - Oral cavity proper
Structures of the oral vestibule
- Labial frenula - Pterygomandibular raphe = junction bw buccinator and sup. Constrictor muscles - Parotid pailla (opposite second maxillary molar)
What the connecting area between the oral cavity and pharynx called?
- Oropharyngeal isthmus
Two arches at the posterior oral cavity?
- Palatopharyngeal arch (covers palatopharyngeus muscle) - Palatoglossal arch (covers palatoglossus muscle)
What is found between the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches?
- Palatine tonsils
What are the two parts of the roof of the oral cavity?
- Hard and soft palate
What forms the hard palate?
- Palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plates of palatine bone
What travels through the incisive foramen?
- Nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery
Foramen of the hard palate? What travels through each?
- Incisive foramen: nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery - Greater palatine foramen: greater palatine vessels and nerve - Lesser palatine foramen: lesser palatine vessels and nerve
What supplies mucosa of hard palate?
- Greater palatine nerve
What supplies structures of soft palate?
- Lesser palatine nerve
What are the folds of the mucus membrane of the hard palate?
- Palatine rugae
Muscles of the soft palate?
- Levator veli palatini - Tensor veli palatini - Palatoglossus - Palatopharyngeus - Muscular uvulae
Levator veli palatini – O/I/I/F:
- O: auditory tube - I: palatine aponeurosis (CT of soft palate) - I: pharyngeal plexus, X - F: raises soft palate during swallowing
Tensor veli palatini – O/I/I/F:
- O: auditory tube - I: palatine aponeurosis (CT of soft palate), via tendon that hooks around pterygoid hamulus - I: CN V3 - F: tenses soft palate
Palatoglossus – O/I/I/F:
- O/I: from palatine aponeurosis of soft palate to side of tongue - I: pharyngeal plexus, X - F: muscle of palate, not tongue
Palatopharyngeus – O/I/I/F:
- O/I: from palatine aponeurosis of soft palate to upper part of wall of pharynx - I: pharyngeal plexus, X - F: ?
Musculus uvulae – O/I/I/F:
- O/I: posterior part of soft palate - I: pharyngeal plexus, X - F: ?
What is the fold of mucus membrane that extends from gingiva to inferior aspect of tongue?
- Lingual frenulum
Bilateral papillae at base of lingual frenulum?
- Sublingual papilla
What is the sublingual papilla?
- Opening of the ducts of submandibular gland
What is the sublingual fold?
- Raised area on each side of lingual frenulum formed by sublingual gland
Location of sublingual gland?
- In floor of oral cavity between mandible and genioglossal muscle
What is the superior portion of the tongue called?
- Dorsum of tongue
Two parts of tongue?
- Root – posterior 1/3rd - Body – anterior 2/3rds (most anterior = apex)
V-shaped groove on dorsum of the tongue?
- Sulcus terminalis = separation of anterior and posterior tongue
What separates the two halves of the tongue?
- Median sulcus
Describe 4 papillae of tongue
1.) Filiform papillae: hair-like structures containing nerve endings sensitive to touch 2.) Fungiform papillae: mushroom-like structures 3.) Vallate (circumvallate) papillae: largest papillae (12-18 of them) ant t sulcus terminale with high density of taste buds 4.) Foliate papillae: fold of mucosa along lateral side of tongue
Tonsils found in oral/nasal cavity? Location?
- Palatine tonsils: between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches - Lingual tonsils: posterior 1/3rd of tongue - Pharyngeal tonsils: located in the posterior nasopharynx inferior to the sphenoid sinus, superior to the opening of the auditory tube
Muscles of tongue, innervation, function?
1.) Intrinsic muscles: run longitudinally, vertically and transversally. Act to change shape of tongue. Innervated by CN XII 2.) Extrinsic muscles a.) Genioglossus: protrude tongue if bilateral, unilateral contraction pushes tongue towards contralateral side. Innervated by CN XII b.) Hyoglossus: depresses tongue. Innervated by CN XII c.) Styloglossus: retrudes tongue. Innervated by CN XII d.) Palatoglossus: elevates posterior part of tongue. Innervated by pharyngeal plexus
Describe sensory innervation to tongue
1.) Anterior 2/3rd - Lingual nerve (CN V2) – general sensation - Chorda tympani (CN VII) = taste except to vallate papillae 2.) Posterior 1/3rd - CN IX – general sensation and taste (including to all vallate papillae) - CN X – area around epiglottis
Blood supply to tongue
- Lingual artery (branch of ext carotid artery)
What forms the roof of the nose?
- Cribriform plate (ethmoid) - Nasal bones - Maxilla and frontal bones - Nasal cartilage
What is the median plane of the nose called?
- Nasal septum
What forms the nasal septum?
- Vomer - Perpendicular plate of ethmoid - Septal cartilage
What forms floor of nose?
- Hard palate (palatine processes of maxilla and horizontal plates of palatine bone) - Greater and lesser palatine foramina
What are the structures of the lateral wall of the nose?
- Conchae (superior, middle = ethmoid bone and inferior concha
What are the spaces beneath each concha?
- Superior, middle and inferior meatus
What supplies blood to the nose?
1.) Arteries - Anterior ethmoidal a – from opthalmic a - Posterior ethmoidal a – from opthalmic a - Sphenopalatine a – from maxillary a - Greater palatine a – from descending palatine branch of maxillary a - Superior labial a – from facial a 2.) Veins - Sphenopalatine v – drains into maxillary v - Facial v - Opthalmic v
What nerve carries smell from olfactory mucosa?
- Olfactory nerve CN I
What supplies sensory innervation to the nasal septum?
- Nasopalatine (branch of maxillary of CN V)
What supplies sensory innervation to the hard palate?
- Anterior part = nasopalatine (branch of maxillary of CN V) - Greater palatine (branch of maxillary of CN V)
What supplies sensory innervation to the soft palate?
- Lesser palatine (branch of maxillary of CN V)
List the paranasal sinuses.
- Frontal sinus - Maxillary sinus - Sphenoid sinus - Ethmoidal air cells
What does each of the paranasal sinuses drain into?
- Frontal: into middle meatus - Maxillary: into hiatus semilunaris of middle meatus - Sphenoid: into sphenoethmoidal recess (above superior concha) - Ethmoidal air cells: Anterior/middle drain into middle meatus, posterior into superior meatus
What sinus drains into the middle meatus?
- Frontal, maxillary and ethmoidal air cells (ant and middle)
What drains into the inferior meatus?
- None of them directly
What does the sphenoid sinus drain into?
- The sphenoethmoidal recess above the superior concha
Which sinus(es) is most commonly infected?
- Maxillary sinuses - Opening for sinus is small and located on superior part of sinus, making it difficult to drain. Mucus membrane of sinus when congested, blocks opening
