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Anatomy > L6: Posterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

L6: Posterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle divides the neck into two cervical triangles? What are these triangles called?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid - Anterior and posterior triangle
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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A
  • Anteriorly: posterior border of SCM - Posteriorly: anterior border of trapezius - Inferiorly: middle one third of clavicle - Base of triangle = clavicle - Apex = SCM and trapezius come together at occipital bone
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3
Q

What are the subdivisions of the posterior triangle? Describe bounds

A
  • Subclavian / supraclavicular triangle: base triangle - bounded by inferior belly of omohyoid, SCM and middle 1/3rd clavicle - Occipital triangle: apex triangle - bounded by omohyoid, SCM and trapezius
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4
Q

What major vessels lie in the subclavian triangle?

A
  • Ext jugular v - Subclavian a
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5
Q

What major structure is found in the occipital triangle?

A
  • CN XI (accessory)
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6
Q

O/I of SCM.

A
  • O: sternal head into manubrium of sternum, clavicular head into clavicle medial third ant / sup - I: mastoid process of temporal bone
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7
Q

What vessel(s) lies over SCM?

A
  • External jugular vein
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8
Q

What are typical cervical vertebrae? What are atypical?

A
  • Typical C3-6 - Atypical C1, C2, C7
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9
Q

Platysma muscle: O, I, A, I:

A
  • O: subcutaneous fascia over pectoral region of chest wall - I: subcutaneous fascia over lower face, mandible - A: facial expression - I: cervical branch of CN VII (facial)
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10
Q

What are the fascial layers of the neck?

A
  • Superficial cervical fascia - Deep cervical fascia (investing, prevertebral, pretracheal, carotid sheath)
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11
Q

Describe fascial layers of neck.

A
  • Superficial cervical fascia: fatty subQ tissue, bw skin and investing layer of deep fascia, has cutaneous nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics, platysma embeds anteriorly into this - Deep cervical fascia: supports organs and blood vessels. Contains 4 layers: investing, prevertebral, pretracheal, carotid sheath.
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12
Q

Describe 4 layers of deep cervical fascia.

A
  • Investing layer: surrounds entire neck deep to superficial fascia, splits on both sides of trap, SCM and infrahyoid muscles. Anterior part is splits to surround submandibular gland and form parotid capsule. - Prevertebral layer: surrounds vertebral column and muscles closely associated with it. Forms floor of posterior triangle. - Pretracheal layer: in anterior part of anterior triangle. Surrounds trachea, esophagus and thyroid gland. Forms visceral compartment. Blends laterally with carotid sheath. - Carotid sheath: fascia surrounding great vessels of neck. Contains carotid a, internal jugular and CN X (vagus).
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13
Q

What is the function of fascia?

A
  • Storage area for fat - superficial - Protection - Allows structures to move without friction
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14
Q

What forms roof of posterior triangle?

A
  • Investing layer of deep cervical fascial. - Superficial cervical fascia - Platysma - Skin
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15
Q

What forms floor of posterior triangle?

A
  • Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia - Splenius capitis m - Levator scapulae m - Posterior scalene m - Middle scalene m - Roots of brachial plexus
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16
Q

OI of splenius capitis m

A
  • O: ligament nuchae/spinous process of C7-T3 - I: occipital bone and mastoid process
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17
Q

OI levator scapulae m

A
  • O: transverse process of C2-C4 - I: superior medial angle of scapula
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18
Q

OI posterior scalene m

A
  • O: transverse process of C4-C6 - I: 2nd rib
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19
Q

OI middle scalene m

A
  • O: transverse process of C4-6 - I: 1st rib
20
Q

OI anterior scalene m

A
  • O: transverse process of C4-6 - I: 1st rib
21
Q

What spinal nerve component is the cervical plexus made up of?

A
  • Ventral primary rami only.
22
Q

Draw / label cervical plexus, indicate the sensory and motor divisions. What do each innervate?

A

1.) Sensory: a.) Lesser occipital: skin of neck and scalp posterior to auricle b.) Great auricular: skin inferior to auricle over parotid gland and posterior part of auricle c.) Transverse cervical: skin over anterior triangle d.) Supraclavicular (lateral, intermediate, medial branches): skin over clavicle, sup wall of chest and anterolateral shoulder 2.) Motor: a.) Ansa cervicalis: motor for strap muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, sup/inf bellies omohyoid); C1 supply thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles. b.) Phrenic nerve: motor for diaphragm

23
Q

Innervation of sternohyoid.

A
  • C2, 3 from ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus)
24
Q

Innervation of sternothyroid.

A
  • C2, 3 from ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus)
25
Q

Innervation of omohyoid.

A
  • C2, 3 from ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus)
26
Q

Innervation of thyrohyoid.

A
  • C1 from ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus)
27
Q

Innervation of geniohyoid.

A
  • C1 from ansa cervicalis (cervical plexus)
28
Q

Innervation of diaphragm

A
  • Phrenic (C3,4,5) (cervical plexus)
29
Q

Innervation of skin of neck and scalp posterior to auricle.

A
  • Lesser occipital C2 (cervical plexus)
30
Q

Innervation of skin inferior to auricle over parotid gland and posterior part of auricle

A
  • Great auricular C2,3 (cervical plexus)
31
Q

Innervation of skin over anterior triangle

A
  • Transverse cervical C2,3 (cervical plexus)
32
Q

Innervation of skin over clavicle, sup wall of chest and anterolateral shoulder

A
  • Supraclavicular C3,4 (cervical plexus)
33
Q

Course of spinal accessory nerve in neck?

A
  • oblique course across posterior triangle
34
Q

Innervation of SCM

A
  • CN XI (accessory)
35
Q

Innvervation of trapezius

A
  • CN XI (accessory)
36
Q

Drainage of ext jugular v.

A
  • into subclavian
37
Q

Which blood vessels become prominent upon rising BP?

A
  • External jugular veins
38
Q

Trunks of brachial plexus. Where are these located anatomically?

A
  • Sup, middle and inferior trunks - Between anterior and middle scalenes
39
Q

What landmark could you identify to perform a brachial plexus block?

A
  • Supraclavicular brachial plexus block: superior to midpt of clavicle.
40
Q

Ansa cervicalis originates from all of the following levels except? A. C1 B. C2 C. C3 D. C4

A
  • D. C4 – contributes to phrenic, not ansa
41
Q

Which of the following is not a sensory nerve? a.) Transverse cervical b.) Phrenic c.) Lesser occipital d.) Supraclavicular

A
  • B. Phrenic
42
Q

The base of the posterior triangle is formed by the? A. Clavicle B. SCM C. Trapezius D. Ant scalene

A
  • A. Clavicle
43
Q

Which of the following muscles does not form the floor of the posterior triangle? A. Splenius capitis B. Semispinalis capitis C. Levator scapulae D. Post scalene

A
  • B. Semispinalis capitis
44
Q

A 4 month old male child during physical exam is noted to have a stiff neck. Neck seems to be pulled to right so that right ear is tilted towards right shoulder. Childs face is also rotated towards the left. Palpation reveals nontender mass on right side of neck. What is most likely diagnosis? Explain.

A
  • Congenital torticolis. SCM muscle is shortened on side opposite to rotation, but same as tilt, in this case on right.
45
Q

Features of typical cervical vertebrae.

A
46
Q

Features of atypical cervical vertebrae.

A

Anatomy (19 decks)

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