L9 Inheritance and Mandelian Genetics

Question 1

Mendelian Genetics

Answer 1

Study of inheritance patterns established by Gregor Mendel.

Question 2

Gregor Mendel

Answer 2

Austrian monk known as the father of genetics.

Question 3

True-breeding plants

Answer 3

Plants that consistently produce offspring with the same traits.

Question 4

Monohybrid cross

Answer 4

Cross between two individuals differing in one trait.

Question 5

Dominant allele

Answer 5

Allele that expresses trait with one copy present.

Question 6

Recessive allele

Answer 6

Allele that expresses trait only with two copies present.

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Observable traits resulting from genotype.

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

Combination of alleles in an individual.

Question 9

Punnett square

Answer 9

Tool to predict offspring genotypes and phenotypes.

Question 10

Test cross

Answer 10

Cross to determine genotype of an individual.

Question 11

Dihybrid cross

Answer 11

Cross examining two traits simultaneously.

Question 12

Law of dominance

Answer 12

Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles in phenotype.

Question 13

Law of segregation

Answer 13

Alleles segregate randomly during gamete formation.

Question 14

Law of independent segregation

Answer 14

Genes for different traits segregate independently.

Question 15

Co-dominance

Answer 15

Both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.

Question 16

Pleiotropy

Answer 16

Single gene affects multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 17

Genetic heterogeneity

Answer 17

Same phenotype caused by different genes.

Question 18

Polygenic traits

Answer 18

Traits controlled by multiple genes.

Question 19

Major Histocompatibility Complex

Answer 19

Set of genes important for immune response.

Question 20

Embryonic lethal

Answer 20

Gene knockout causing non-viable embryos.

Question 21

Mouse gestation

Answer 21

Average gestation period of ~20 days.

Question 22

Litter size

Answer 22

Average number of offspring per birth.