L2 Domains of life and scientific nomenclature Flashcards
Three Domains of Life
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya classifications.
Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)
Hypothetical ancestor of all life forms.
16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Molecular tool for studying phylogenetic relationships.
Bacteria
Single-celled, prokaryotic organisms with diverse lifestyles.
Archaea
Prokaryotic microorganisms, often extremophiles.
Eukaryotes
Organisms with membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.
Endosymbiosis
Process where eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes.
Scientific Nomenclature
System for naming organisms using standardized terms.
Linnaean Classification
Hierarchical system for categorizing living organisms.
Binomial Nomenclature
Two-part scientific naming system for species.
Species
Group of interbreeding organisms, sharing gene flow.
Evolutionary Fitness Landscape
Graphical representation of fitness across different traits.
Phylogeny
Study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Homologous Traits
Similar traits due to shared ancestry.
Analogous Traits
Similar traits from convergent evolution, not ancestry.
Clade
Monophyletic group including an ancestor and descendants.
Common Ancestor
An ancestor shared by multiple species.
Sister Group
Closest relative of a given clade.
Outgroup
Group used for comparison in phylogenetic studies.
Erasmus Darwin
Proposed early ideas of evolution and common descent.
Charles Darwin
Developed theory of natural selection and evolution.
Convergent Evolution
Independent evolution of similar traits in different species.
Extinction
Permanent loss of a species from existence.
Pathogens
Organisms causing disease, with various transmission modes.
Environmental DNA
DNA extracted from environmental samples for study.
Taxonomy
Science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms.
Systematics
Study of evolutionary relationships and classification.
Fitness
Organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.
Natural Selection
Process where organisms better adapted survive.
