L2 Domains of life and scientific nomenclature

Question 1

Three Domains of Life

Answer 1

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya classifications.

Question 2

Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)

Answer 2

Hypothetical ancestor of all life forms.

Question 3

16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 3

Molecular tool for studying phylogenetic relationships.

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

Single-celled, prokaryotic organisms with diverse lifestyles.

Question 5

Archaea

Answer 5

Prokaryotic microorganisms, often extremophiles.

Question 6

Eukaryotes

Answer 6

Organisms with membrane-bound nuclei and organelles.

Question 7

Endosymbiosis

Answer 7

Process where eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes.

Question 8

Scientific Nomenclature

Answer 8

System for naming organisms using standardized terms.

Question 9

Linnaean Classification

Answer 9

Hierarchical system for categorizing living organisms.

Question 10

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 10

Two-part scientific naming system for species.

Question 11

Species

Answer 11

Group of interbreeding organisms, sharing gene flow.

Question 12

Evolutionary Fitness Landscape

Answer 12

Graphical representation of fitness across different traits.

Question 13

Phylogeny

Answer 13

Study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Question 14

Homologous Traits

Answer 14

Similar traits due to shared ancestry.

Question 15

Analogous Traits

Answer 15

Similar traits from convergent evolution, not ancestry.

Question 16

Clade

Answer 16

Monophyletic group including an ancestor and descendants.

Question 17

Common Ancestor

Answer 17

An ancestor shared by multiple species.

Question 18

Sister Group

Answer 18

Closest relative of a given clade.

Question 19

Outgroup

Answer 19

Group used for comparison in phylogenetic studies.

Question 20

Erasmus Darwin

Answer 20

Proposed early ideas of evolution and common descent.

Question 21

Charles Darwin

Answer 21

Developed theory of natural selection and evolution.

Question 22

Convergent Evolution

Answer 22

Independent evolution of similar traits in different species.

Question 23

Extinction

Answer 23

Permanent loss of a species from existence.

Question 24

Pathogens

Answer 24

Organisms causing disease, with various transmission modes.

Question 25

Environmental DNA

Answer 25

DNA extracted from environmental samples for study.

Question 26

Taxonomy

Answer 26

Science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms.

Question 27

Systematics

Answer 27

Study of evolutionary relationships and classification.

Question 28

Fitness

Answer 28

Organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.

Question 29

Natural Selection

Answer 29

Process where organisms better adapted survive.