L11 Population Genetics

Question 1

Population Genetics

Answer 1

Study of allele frequencies in populations over time.

Question 2

Mutation

Answer 2

Change in DNA sequence affecting genetic information.

Question 3

Natural Selection

Answer 3

Environment favors certain phenotypes for survival.

Question 4

Genetic Drift

Answer 4

Random changes in allele frequencies in populations.

Question 5

Non-random Mating

Answer 5

Mates chosen based on genotype or phenotype.

Question 6

Gene Flow

Answer 6

Transfer of alleles between populations.

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Distinct variants of a specific gene.

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

Genetic constitution of an organism.

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Observable traits resulting from genotype.

Question 10

Diploid Organisms

Answer 10

Organisms with two alleles for each gene.

Question 11

Dominant Allele

Answer 11

Allele expressing phenotype in homozygous or heterozygous.

Question 12

Recessive Allele

Answer 12

Allele expressing phenotype only in homozygous state.

Question 13

Wild Type Allele

Answer 13

Most common allele in a population.

Question 14

Mutant Allele

Answer 14

Variant allele differing from wild type.

Question 15

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Answer 15

Model predicting allele frequencies in populations.

Question 16

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 16

Condition where allele frequencies remain constant.

Question 17

Fitness

Answer 17

Likelihood of survival and reproduction.

Question 18

Absolute Fitness

Answer 18

Fitness of an individual organism.

Question 19

Relative Fitness

Answer 19

Fitness compared to other genotypes.

Question 20

Population Bottleneck

Answer 20

Sharp reduction in population size affecting gene pool.

Question 21

Founder Effect

Answer 21

New population established by a small group.

Question 22

Assortative Mating

Answer 22

Mates chosen based on genetic similarity.

Question 23

Negative Assortative Mating

Answer 23

Mates chosen based on genetic dissimilarity.

Question 24

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

Answer 24

Genes important for immune system function.

Question 25

Runaway Theory

Answer 25

Females select mates based on exaggerated traits.

Question 26

Handicap Principle

Answer 26

Costly traits indicate genetic fitness.

Question 27

Tay-Sachs Disease

Answer 27

Autosomal recessive disorder from HEXA gene mutations.

Question 28

Carrier Screening

Answer 28

Testing for genetic disease carriers.

Question 29

Acacia Trees

Answer 29

Food source for giraffes influencing neck evolution.

Question 30

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 30

Differences in appearance between sexes.

Question 31

Giraffe Neck Evolution

Answer 31

Long necks evolved for feeding and mating advantages.