L10 Linkage and Meiosis Flashcards
Meiosis
Process that halves chromosome number in germ cells.
Chromosome Segregation
Distribution of chromosomes into daughter cells.
Haploid Daughter Cells
Cells with half the chromosome complement.
Independent Assortment
Random distribution of chromosomes during meiosis.
Meiosis I
First meiotic division, specialized for genetic variation.
Synapsis
Pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Crossing Over
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Synaptonemal Complex
Structure facilitating synapsis of homologous chromosomes.
Crossover Recombination
Creation of novel allele combinations in gametes.
Genetic Linkage
Tendency of genes to be inherited together.
Recombinant Frequency
Percentage of recombinant offspring from a cross.
CentiMorgan (cM)
Unit of measure for genetic linkage distance.
Mendelian Ratios
Expected ratios of genotypes from Mendelian inheritance.
Parental Genotype Ratios
Genotype ratios reflecting no crossing over.
Linked Genes
Genes located close together on the same chromosome.
Unlinked Genes
Genes that assort independently, often on different chromosomes.
Two Crossover Events
Can maintain parental genotype despite recombination.
Linkage-Based Diagnostic Test
Test determining parental origin of chromosome regions.
Monogenic Disease Screening
Testing for single-gene disorders using linkage.
Gametes
Haploid cells produced during meiosis.
Recombinant Chromatids
Chromatids with new allele combinations after crossing over.
Fertilisation
Union of gametes requiring halved chromosome number.
Homologous Chromosomes
Chromosome pairs with same genes but different alleles.
