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Cells, Organisms, & System > L6 Population Dynamics and Natural selection in Ecology > Flashcards

L6 Population Dynamics and Natural selection in Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Incidence

A

Rate of new cases in a population.

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2
Q

Prevalence

A

Proportion of infected individuals in a population.

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3
Q

Reproductive Rate

A

Average number of infections caused by one individual.

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4
Q

SIR Model

A

Susceptible-Infected-Recovered model for disease spread.

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5
Q

SIS Model

A

Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model without immunity.

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6
Q

Epidemiology

A

Study of disease prevalence and distribution.

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7
Q

Population Ecology

A

Study of population size and changes over time.

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8
Q

Lotka-Volterra Equations

A

Mathematical model describing predator-prey dynamics.

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9
Q

Predator-Prey Cycle

A

Fluctuations in populations of predators and prey.

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10
Q

Bottom-Up Model

A

Population control driven by resource availability.

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11
Q

Top-Down Model

A

Population control driven by predation or disease.

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12
Q

Social Behaviour Model

A

Influence of social interactions on population dynamics.

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13
Q

Chronic Stress

A

Long-term physiological stress affecting reproduction.

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14
Q

Hare Population Density

A

Number of hares per unit area over time.

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15
Q

Predator Exclusion

A

Removing predators to study population effects.

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16
Q

Food Supplementation

A

Adding food to test its impact on populations.

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17
Q

Cortisol Level

A

Physiological measure of stress in organisms.

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18
Q

Boreal Forest Food Web

A

Ecological network influencing hare population dynamics.

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19
Q

Empirical Evidence

A

Data collected through observation and experimentation.

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20
Q

Population Regulation

A

Mechanisms that maintain population sizes over time.

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21
Q

Hare-Lynx Dynamics

A

Interdependent population changes of hares and lynxes.

22
Q

Kluane Lake

A

Study site for hare and lynx population research.

23
Q

Mean Survival Rate

A

Average likelihood of survival across populations.

24
Q

Energy Flow

A

Transfer of energy through a food web.

25
Q

Population Change

A

Alterations in species numbers over time.

26
Q

Keystone Species

A

Species whose population impacts ecosystem structure.

27
Q

Lotka Volterra Equations

A

Mathematical model describing predator-prey interactions.

28
Q

Snowshoe Hare

A

A keystone species affected by predation.

29
Q

Canadian Lynx

A

Predator whose population is driven by food availability.

30
Q

Natural Selection

A

Process where advantageous traits increase survival.

31
Q

Darwin’s Voyage

A

Observation of species differences in the Galapagos.

32
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Human-driven breeding for specific traits.

33
Q

Malthusian Theory

A

Population grows exponentially; resources grow linearly.

34
Q

Darwinian Fitness

A

Genotype’s abundance change due to selection.

35
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable traits of an organism.

36
Q

Genotype

A

An organism’s genetic makeup.

37
Q

Trait

A

Specific phenotypic characteristic like color.

38
Q

Phenotypic Variation

A

Differences in observable traits among individuals.

39
Q

Gene-Environment Interactions

A

Influence of environment on genetic expression.

40
Q

Neodarwinism

A

Integration of natural selection and genetics.

41
Q

Somatic Mutations

A

Genetic changes in non-germline cells causing cancer.

42
Q

Tumor Cell Selection

A

Survival of resistant cancer cell mutations.

43
Q

Damped Oscillations

A

Population cycles that gradually decrease in amplitude.

44
Q

Myxomatosis

A

Disease that caused UK rabbit population crash.

45
Q

Conservation Implications

A

Predator absence leads to herbivore overgrazing.

46
Q

Experimental Interventions

A

Manipulations to test ecological hypotheses.

47
Q

Variation

A

Differences among individuals in a population.

48
Q

Inheritance

A

Transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

49
Q

Competition

A

Struggle for limited resources among individuals.

50
Q

Mutation

A

Random changes in genetic material.

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