L3 Phylogeny and the History of life Flashcards
Prezygotic reproductive isolation
Mechanism preventing mating before fertilization occurs.
Cichlid fish
Species exhibiting depth-based reproductive isolation in Lake Victoria.
Assortative mating
Mating preference based on specific traits.
Sympatric speciation
Speciation occurring in the same geographic area.
Convergent evolution
Independent evolution of similar traits in different species.
Homologous traits
Traits shared due to common ancestry.
Analogous traits
Traits with similar functions but different origins.
Clade
Monophyletic group including an ancestor and descendants.
Phylogenetic tree
Diagram representing evolutionary relationships among species.
Sister group
Closest relative in a phylogenetic tree.
Outgroup
A species used for comparison in phylogenetic studies.
Paraphyletic group
Group excluding some descendants of a common ancestor.
Transitional fossils
Fossils showing intermediate evolutionary forms.
Cetaceans
Marine mammals including whales and dolphins.
Whale-hippo hypothesis
Theory linking whale evolution to hippo ancestors.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacterium causing tuberculosis in humans and animals.
Granuloma
Immune response structure formed during tuberculosis infection.
Geological timescale
Chronological framework for Earth’s history and life.
Great oxygenation event
Period when atmospheric oxygen levels significantly increased.
LUCA
Last universal common ancestor of all life.
Phylogenetic methods
Techniques for reconstructing evolutionary relationships.
Comparative anatomy
Study of similarities and differences in organism structures.
Comparative genomics
Analysis of genomic similarities across species.
Eutrophication
Nutrient enrichment leading to algal blooms and biodiversity loss.
