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AN4008 > L9 HS > Flashcards

L9 HS Flashcards

1
Q

what signals mediate neural migration

A

Extracellular cues
Intracellular signalling pathways
Rearrangement of cytoskeletal components

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2
Q

Migrating promoting signals ?

A

Rho family of GTPases; Rac, Cdc42, RhoA

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3
Q

Attractive cues

A

Netrin1 via specific cell surface receptors

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4
Q

Replusive cues

A

Slit 1/2

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5
Q

Tangential migration of cortical GABA interneurons from where to where ?

A

MGE - neocortex

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6
Q

GABA CIN migratory signals ?

A

BDNF
GDNF - glial dervied
NT4 - neurotrophin 4
HGF - hepacyte growth factor

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7
Q

What repels GABA CIN away from striatum

and LGE ?

A

Striatum -Sema3A/F

LGE - slit 1/2

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8
Q

what attracts GABA CIN to neocortex?

A

EMX1, EMX2 (homeobox proteins)

and NRG-Ig

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9
Q

Tangential migration of olfactory interneurons from where to where ?

A

LGE - Olfactory bylb

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10
Q

migratory signals for OIN

A

Lamin substrate alpha5
gamma1,
ECM HMW proteins

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11
Q

Attractive signals OIN ?

Replusive signals OIN?

A

Netrin 1

Slit 1/2

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12
Q

Tangential migration of GnRH neurons also called ?

A

axophilic
migration; migrating along anterior-posterior
axis of the body using exisiting axon tracts
(nose-> forebrain -> hypothalamus)

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13
Q

what axons do the GnRH neurons migrate on ?

A

migration of GnRH neurons along the central

processes of vomeronasal axons

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14
Q

GnRH need which for adhesion to axons?

Attract to POA and hypothalamus by ?

A

PSA-N-CAM and TAG1

attraction by netrin1

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15
Q

Multipolar migration ?

A

can occur on its own or with other migration types
slower

neuronal movement mediated by Actin and Microtubule binding molecules as well as adhesion proteins

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16
Q

Filamen A (actin) role in multipolar migration?

A

changes cells from bipolar to multipolar and facilitates movement into the intermediate zone

17
Q

Doublecortin (DCX) (microtubule binding protein) whats its role in multipolar migration ?

A

using microtubule network to move neurons

18
Q

Reelin is an adhesion protein whats its role in multipolar migration ?

A

reelin stimulates RAP1 GTPase which regulates presence of e cadherins on cell surface

e caderhins reorientate the golgi app and centromeres in the neuro to take it out of the upper intermediate zone

19
Q

LIS1 (mircotuble binding protein) whats its role in multipolar migration ?

A

it converts multipolar neuron back to bipolar when it reaches the cortical plate

20
Q

migrating promoting signals induce what in neurons ?

A

extensions in direction of migration

21
Q

The cell machinery used by neurons to migrate is driven by

A

actin polymerization and microtubule dynamics

22
Q

Actin-myosin contractile proteins are located where in migrating neurons ?

A

proximal portion of lead process

23
Q

perinuclear Tubulin cage purpose ?

A

maintaining posterior position of nucleus

24
Q

Adhesion molecules modulate neuron-glial interactions name two ?

A

reelin and astrotactin

25
Q

Cdk5 and p35 (actin binding) require for

A

neurons to penetrate the cortical plate

26
Q

Reelin (adhesion molecule) required for

A

neurons to go through subplate

27
Q

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PH)

A

a collection of periventricular heterotopic (PH)
neurons lining the lateral ventricle (V) (arrows) and a
normal-appearing outer cortex.
Neurological manifestation is epilepsy

28
Q

How does PH come about ?

A 
Filamin 1 (FLN1) is required for neurons to leave
the VZ during the cortical-plate stage
‘X-linked dominant inheritance’

Females randomly inactivate one X chromosome in
each cell that leads to two populations of cells.
Normal FLN-1 gene and mutant FLN1 gene

Normal cells migrate to the cortical plate and the mutant cells have a
primary defect in their ability to migrate from the ventricular zone (VZ

29
Q

Lissencephaly what is it ?

A

Smooth cortex
Lissencephaly typically display severe
mental retardation and intractable epilepsy

30
Q

Lissencephaly what is mutated and what does this cause ?

A

Double cortin and Lis1 needed for normal migration

31
Q

Double cortex describe ?

A

Band of heterotropic neurons in the subcortical white matter and a normal cortex above - mild mental retardation less severe epilepsy

In females there’s one mutant gene and one normal gene for doublecortin

AN4008 (16 decks)

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