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AN4008 > L2 Andre > Flashcards

L2 Andre Flashcards

1
Q

Embryonic Endoderm becomes

A

Digestive and respiratory systems and bladder

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2
Q

Intermediate mesoderm becomes

A

gametes and gonads

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3
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm becomes

A

splanchic and somatic mesoderm

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4
Q

Paraxial mesoderm becomes

A

myotomes , sclerotomes, dermatomes

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5
Q

what does BMP4 do / stand for ?

A

ventralises the mesoderm

bone morphogenetic protein

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6
Q

what inhibits BMP4 anteriorly?

A

noggin and chordin

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7
Q

expression of what TFs species head formation ?

A

LIM1 and Otx2

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8
Q

goosecoid induces expression of what ?

A

chordin and noggin

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9
Q

what do nodal cells express ?

A

goosecoid
chordin and noggin
foxa2

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10
Q

Foxa2 function ?

A

node formation
notochord induction
floorplate of neural tube

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11
Q

nodal expression is ….

A

restricted to the node

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12
Q

prechordal plate cells invovled in ?

secretes?

A

head / forebrain induction

secretes shh,

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13
Q

notochord cells produce ?

A

noggin
and chordin that will induce the
neural plate

also produce Shh
that induces floor plate and
somites formation

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14
Q

cells ingressing throigh the primitive streak are influenced by 3 molecules ?

A

Retonic Acid
Wnt3
FGF

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15
Q

what does RA wnt3 and FGF activate

A

activate TF cdx that regualtes the expression of hox genes along the AP axis

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16
Q

chordin and noggin cause ?

A

expression of nodal on Left side

17
Q

hox genes are

A

conserved family of TFs

they have sequence / order on chromosome

18
Q

what kinda expression of hox genes ?

A

spatio-temporal

19
Q

where are 3’ genes expressed at what position

A

anteriorly and earlier than

20
Q

what does hox gene expression specifies identity of ?

A

the NS from the hindbrain to the caudal end of the sc

21
Q

loss of function mutation of hox genes leads to ?

A

posterior to anterior transformation

22
Q

gain of function mutation of hox genes leads to ?

A

anterior to posterior transformation

23
Q

shh invovled in ?

A

somite formation
dorsal endoderm
floor plate

24
Q

retinoic acid modulates expression of ?

A

homeobox genes

25
Q

formation of neural plate starts/ends ?

A

week 3

ends week 4

26
Q

neural plate expands as what develops and regresses ?

A

notochord

27
Q

BMP4 is normally involved in ?

A

induces the ectoderm to form epidermis

and the mesoderm to become lateral plate and intermediate mesoderm.

28
Q

noggin and chordin release by what in neurlation ?

A

notochord cause inhibition of BMP4

29
Q

inhibition of BMP4 during neurlation causes the ectoderm to ?
and mesoderm to become ?

A

become neural tissue

paraxial mesoderm

30
Q

the cells on that are exposed to intermediate conc of BMP4 will become ?

A

neural crest cells

31
Q

how to do you longitudinal expansion of neural plate ?

A

by convergent extension

32
Q

anterior posteriors diffrin of neural plate due to expression of ?

A

nodal - prim node = less anterior

33
Q

ectodermal cells and NCC express ?

A

snail 1 & 2 and Foxd3

snail = slug - promtotes NCC migration

34
Q

where do NCC migrate ?

A

from the caudal end of the prosencephalon to the caudal end of the spinal neural tube

35
Q

neurocristopathies caused by ?

A

problems in migration of NCC

36
Q

3 neurocristopathies

A

Hirschprung disease (15 loci)

  • Waardenburg syndrome (9 loci)
  • DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)
37
Q

hirschprung disease is ?

A

lack of enteric plexi

38
Q

warrdenburg syndrome ?

A

Ocular heterochromia, deafness, hair/skin colour,

neurological symptoms

39
Q

digeorge syndrome

A

• Cardiac abnormality
• commonly interrupted aortic arch, truncus arteriosus
and tetralogy of Fallot)
• Abnormal facial features
• Thymic aplasia
• Cleft palate
• Hypocalcemia - no parathryroid glands / Hypoparathyroidism

AN4008 (16 decks)

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