L2 Andre

Question 1

Embryonic Endoderm becomes

Answer 1

Digestive and respiratory systems and bladder

Question 2

Intermediate mesoderm becomes

Answer 2

gametes and gonads

Question 3

Lateral plate mesoderm becomes

Answer 3

splanchic and somatic mesoderm

Question 4

Paraxial mesoderm becomes

Answer 4

myotomes , sclerotomes, dermatomes

Question 5

what does BMP4 do / stand for ?

Answer 5

ventralises the mesoderm

bone morphogenetic protein

Question 6

what inhibits BMP4 anteriorly?

Answer 6

noggin and chordin

Question 7

expression of what TFs species head formation ?

Answer 7

LIM1 and Otx2

Question 8

goosecoid induces expression of what ?

Answer 8

chordin and noggin

Question 9

what do nodal cells express ?

Answer 9

goosecoid
chordin and noggin
foxa2

Question 10

Foxa2 function ?

Answer 10

node formation
notochord induction
floorplate of neural tube

Question 11

nodal expression is ….

Answer 11

restricted to the node

Question 12

prechordal plate cells invovled in ?

secretes?

Answer 12

head / forebrain induction

secretes shh,

Question 13

notochord cells produce ?

Answer 13

noggin
and chordin that will induce the
neural plate

also produce Shh
that induces floor plate and
somites formation

Question 14

cells ingressing throigh the primitive streak are influenced by 3 molecules ?

Answer 14

Retonic Acid
Wnt3
FGF

Question 15

what does RA wnt3 and FGF activate

Answer 15

activate TF cdx that regualtes the expression of hox genes along the AP axis

Question 16

chordin and noggin cause ?

Answer 16

expression of nodal on Left side

Question 17

hox genes are

Answer 17

conserved family of TFs

they have sequence / order on chromosome

Question 18

what kinda expression of hox genes ?

Answer 18

spatio-temporal

Question 19

where are 3’ genes expressed at what position

Answer 19

anteriorly and earlier than

Question 20

what does hox gene expression specifies identity of ?

Answer 20

the NS from the hindbrain to the caudal end of the sc

Question 21

loss of function mutation of hox genes leads to ?

Answer 21

posterior to anterior transformation

Question 22

gain of function mutation of hox genes leads to ?

Answer 22

anterior to posterior transformation

Question 23

shh invovled in ?

Answer 23

somite formation
dorsal endoderm
floor plate

Question 24

retinoic acid modulates expression of ?

Answer 24

homeobox genes

Question 25

formation of neural plate starts/ends ?

Answer 25

week 3 | ends week 4

Question 26

neural plate expands as what develops and regresses ?

Answer 26

notochord

Question 27

BMP4 is normally involved in ?

Answer 27

induces the ectoderm to form epidermis | and the mesoderm to become lateral plate and intermediate mesoderm.

Question 28

noggin and chordin release by what in neurlation ?

Answer 28

notochord cause inhibition of BMP4

Question 29

inhibition of BMP4 during neurlation causes the ectoderm to ? and mesoderm to become ?

Answer 29

become neural tissue | paraxial mesoderm

Question 30

the cells on that are exposed to intermediate conc of BMP4 will become ?

Answer 30

neural crest cells

Question 31

how to do you longitudinal expansion of neural plate ?

Answer 31

by convergent extension

Question 32

anterior posteriors diffrin of neural plate due to expression of ?

Answer 32

nodal - prim node = less anterior

Question 33

ectodermal cells and NCC express ?

Answer 33

snail 1 & 2 and Foxd3 | snail = slug - promtotes NCC migration

Question 34

where do NCC migrate ?

Answer 34

from the caudal end of the prosencephalon to the caudal end of the spinal neural tube

Question 35

neurocristopathies caused by ?

Answer 35

problems in migration of NCC

Question 36

3 neurocristopathies

Answer 36

Hirschprung disease (15 loci) * Waardenburg syndrome (9 loci) * DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)

Question 37

hirschprung disease is ?

Answer 37

lack of enteric plexi

Question 38

warrdenburg syndrome ?

Answer 38

Ocular heterochromia, deafness, hair/skin colour, | neurological symptoms

Question 39

digeorge syndrome

Answer 39

• Cardiac abnormality • commonly interrupted aortic arch, truncus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot) • Abnormal facial features • Thymic aplasia • Cleft palate • Hypocalcemia - no parathryroid glands / Hypoparathyroidism