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MICR450 > L9: Biogeochemical Cycles I > Flashcards

L9: Biogeochemical Cycles I Flashcards

1
Q

What are interconversions/ what do they catalyse

A

REDOX substrates consume/produce molecules that contribute to flow of nutrients

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2
Q

Resevoir

A

part of biosphere with alot of of an element

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3
Q

Define source

A

resevoir that releases more of an element that it consumes

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4
Q

Sink

A

resevoir that takes in more of an element than it releases

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5
Q

What is flux, -, +

A

F: net rate of change in the amount of an element
+: sink, gaining
-: source, loosing

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6
Q

Main Carbon fluxes

A
  1. photosynthesis
  2. respiration
  3. marine uptake
  4. marine release
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7
Q

Carbon resevoirs

A
  1. vegetation
  2. soils
  3. hydrocarbons + minerals
  4. atosmphere
  5. oceans
  6. marine biota
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8
Q

What is the biggest terrestial resevoir

A

soil

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9
Q

Discuss availability of carbon

A
  • some is readily available
  • most is not due to occlusion/sortion making it short-term unavailable
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10
Q

What are the trends in microboal respiration + carbon

A
  • more respiration = less soil carbon
  • as soon carbon goes into the ground it is fixed, dies and respires to atmosphere
  • in the arctic its slow, meaning carbon hang out there
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11
Q

What is the latitude / depth trend

A
  • equtorial has low surface carbon cus of respiration
  • as u go deeper = more carbon cus less respiration
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12
Q

DRAW the carbon cycle

A

:)

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13
Q

Name 6 Carbon Cycle pathways

A
  1. Carbon fixation
  2. Heterotrophic respitation
  3. methonogenesis
  4. methanotrophy
  5. ANME
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14
Q

Explore Carbon fixation

A

uses energy to make organic carbon from CO2

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15
Q

Heteropthic respiration

A
  • fermentation
  • aeorbic/anaerobic of carbon makes CO2
  • many carbon sources available
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16
Q

Methanogensis, EA, ED, where, enzymes

A
  • obligatory anarobes use reduce C to make CH4
  • when other EA: nitrate, sulfate are not acceable
  • archea

Possible EA
* acetates, CO2, methanol (other 1 carbon compounds)

possible ED
* CO2

Key enzymes:
* methanofuran
* methanoprerin
* Coenzyme M

Happens with fermentation cus Fermentation releases H2/CO2, which can be used for methanogensis (guts)

17
Q

Methanotrophy

A
  • use methane as energy source of carbon/energy
  • after oxidation methane needs energy + oxygen so it
  • … becomes biomass (requires energy)
  • …carbon oxidsed more used for ETC/NADH (produces energy + CO2

where
* aerobic, cus O needed for first oxidation step
* above methanotrophs

Enzyme
* methan monoozygenase

Two pathways for biomass
* gammaproteobacteria + alphaproteobacteria

18
Q

ANME

A
  • methane oxidation without oxygen
  • many forms

EA
* Nitrate, sulfate, nitrite, sulfite

19
Q

Name key components of carbon cyle + global change

A
  1. Temperature dependant microbial processes
    * photo increase in higher temp to maximum
    * reperations increase in higher temp continuanlly
    * when respiration esceeds, soil carbon get released to atmosphere and soil becomes a soil not sink
  2. Temperature-dependant CO2 soluability
    * CO2 soluable in warm water
    * when warmer: CO2 will leave water
    * less dissolved CO2 is available, autotrophic products becomes less domintant than hetetrotrophic
20
Q

Discuss permafrost carbon feedback

A
  • contains a lot of carbon
  • inactive when frozen but becomes available when thaws
    *
    –
  • Hetetrophic activity in thawd permafrost decomposes the thawed organic matter
  • aerobic decomposition = CO2 released
  • fermentation releases CO2 + H2 for methanogensis
  • menthotrophs attenutate CH4 release by converting Ch4 to Co2
21
Q

How do themokrast lakes form

A
  • rapid thawing leads to lake in slumped land
  • lakes underlined by talik which is unfrozen layer
  • because of the talik, which is unfrozen year round,
  • water stores heat with limited oxygen
  • becomes hotspot of carbon emmisions
22
Q

What we need to know

A
  • knowing more information about microbial community + thawing environemnt we can predict rates and products
  • determinsitic selection makes them more predicable, knowing what makes it deterministic is important

Determitisc characterisitcs
- slow thawing, moderate slective pressure, functional reducances, large spacial scales

MICR450 (17 decks)

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