L1: Introduction to Redox

Question 1

What environments deter microbes

Answer 1

1. hyper acidic
2. hypersaline
3. high temperature
4. high mg2+

Question 2

What are two examples of early microbiology

Answer 2

1. fermentation (beer, cheese, wine)
2. preservation (salt, smoking)

Question 3

How were cells discovered

Answer 3

Hooke + Leeuwenkhoek oberving fungai, protozoa and bacteria
L named them animalcules

Question 4

What are the three interrelated concepts

Answer 4

1. germ theory (cause)
2. environmental microbiology (where they live)
3. heritability (how things are passed on)

Question 5

What did Edward Jenner observe

Answer 5

cowpox => milkmaids wouldn’t get severe reaction => gardener son…

Question 6

What did Saussuredo

Answer 6

• observed photosyntheis, plants consume carbon from atmosphere not soil
• hydrogen + oxygen converted into water
• hydrogen oxidising bacteria

Question 7

What was the first example of bacteria manipulating bacteria

Answer 7

• hydrogen oxidising bacteria

Question 8

Kaserer

Answer 8

Isolated hydrogen oxidising bacteria

Question 9

What did Scholseing + Muntz do

Answer 9

• nitrificaton is a microbial process

Question 10

Nitrificaton formula

Answer 10

NH4 => NO 2- => NO3-

Question 11

Phase of Nitirfication

Answer 11

1. Initial lag before nitrification began (liquid sewage rich in Nh4+)
2. As ammonium conc in filtrate decreased, nitrate concentration increases (material sand chalk for carbon course)
3. Exposing column to chloroform or high temp ended process (flow-through)
   *Exposing to things that kill life, nitrification ended ==>
   microbial process

Question 12

What did Pasteur do

Answer 12

• disproved spontaneous combustion
• by studying fermentation discovered pasterusiation
• chemical process are due to biological things

Question 13

Rober Konch

Answer 13

• postulates
• in process developed ways to isolate + maintain pure cultures

Question 14

Winogradky

Answer 14

• columns: grow anaerobic photoautotrophic + microcephalic bacteria
• nitrifying bac grow with any additional organic source

Question 15

What was winogradksy sulphur experiment

Answer 15

1. Incubate cells in water + sulphates or H2S
   water + SO4 => death

water + H2S => granules because cells are oxidizing hydrogen sulfide

2. H2S is sensitive to oxygen and needs TEA to make sulphur ==> with H2S they grow in the center. Without, they form near the edge not all the way cus too much O