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MICR450 > L2: Bioenergetic Metabolism 1 > Flashcards

L2: Bioenergetic Metabolism 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Buildng blocks of life

A

C H O Ph N

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2
Q

Define metabolism

A

chemical process that occurs in living things to maintain life

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3
Q

Anabolism

A

energy added, G>0, building

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4
Q

Catabolism

A

releasing energy, destroys, G<0

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5
Q

Gibbs free energy

A

thermodynamic potenital of system (enthalpy +entropy)

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6
Q

How does ATP store energy

A

phosphanhydride bonds from Redox

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7
Q

3 ways to release energy from ATP

A
  1. ATP + H20 = ADP + Pi + zap (first bond)
  2. ATP + H20 = AMP + ppi (second bond, this includes the already broken one)
  3. ATP + organic = ADP + organic - P + zap
    1. Instead of water use an organic molecule
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8
Q

What are reducing equivalents

A

electrons

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9
Q

Oxidation

A
  • loss of electrons
  • things that have oxidised have:
    1. 2e-
    2. electron carrier
    3. NAD+
    4. FAD

2e-, LEO

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10
Q

Reduction

A

gain of electrons
* Things that have been reduced have
1. another H in main molecule because H attached meas it has e-

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11
Q

Reduction Potential. What are the trends

A

capacity to accept electrons, defined by e- not molecules
Eo
do not factor
More Eo = reduction
Less Eo = oxidation

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12
Q

Redox tower trends

A
  • more down = more energy
  • Eo + G have different signs
  • in tower all reduction, oxidiser switches signs
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13
Q

What are terminal electrons acceptors (4)

A
  • final molecules recieving e-
  • must have higher reduction potential then the molecule
  • no energy added
  • cannot be e- carrier
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14
Q

Relationship between FADH and NADH

A

FADH is weaker = lower
preffered cus it is lower can be given e-

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15
Q

What can animals/protists do?

A

take e- from organic compound (diet, photosynthesis) and give them to oxygen (TEA)

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16
Q

What are the goals of catabolism

A
  1. Generate energy for cellular processes by REDOX, oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosophorylation
  2. Generate energy for biosynthetic reactions
17
Q

What are the majot forms of catabolism

A
  1. Fermentation: central catabolic pathway + fermentatin pathway (SLP)
  2. Respiration: central catabolic pathway + TCA cycle + etc
18
Q

What is the goal of central catabolic pathways

A

glucose => pyruvate

19
Q

Name the central catabolic pathways

A
  1. EMP
  2. ED
  3. PPS
20
Q

EMP

A

2: ATP, NADH, Pyruvate
Key enzyme: phosphofructokinase

21
Q

ED

A

1: ATP, NADH, NADPH
2: pyruvate
key enzyme: 6-phosphogluconate
dehydratase, KDPG aldolase

22
Q

PPS

A

1: ATP
2: NADH, pyruvate
key enzyme: 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase
hydro = peepee

23
Q

Fermentation occurs when…

A

e- have nowhere to go

24
Q

Describe the process of fermentation

A
  1. reduced e carriers need to give away e- because they are not TEA
  2. meaning the e- will be given to pyruvate and it’s deritivies
  3. resulting in no net change in oxidation because e- was given from glucose carbon back to carbon
  4. the e- is regenerated
  5. waste products because the products do not provide the cell with energy
25
Q

What happens if TEA available

A
  1. Pyruvate => to ACoa => producing 2 NADH
  2. ACoa combined with oxaloacetate to enter TCA
26
Q

What happens in TCA cycle

A
  • 1 glucose => 2 spins
  • provides even more reducing power for e-
27
Q

What are the steps in e- transport chain. 3 key phases

A

all the cycles have created a lot of reducing power and e- carriers must be generated
1. Initial substrate oxidoreductase (dehydrogenase): recieves e- from carrier, releases H+, gives them to Quinone
2. Quinone: has many types, is reduced to quinol and gives to terminal oxidase
3. Terminal oxidase: gives to TEA, releases more H+
4. The e- gradient powers ATP synthase anf makes a lot og aTP

28
Q

What is a great example of Metabolic versatility

A

non-sulfur bacteria that can eat up so many toxins called R. palustris

MICR450 (17 decks)

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