L11: Sulfur + Phos

Question 1

Why sulfur important

Answer 1

amino acids, vitamins, cofactors
disulfide help stabilie proteins
in geoloical resvoirs

Question 2

Sulfure oxidation

Answer 2

• many thinfs can be TEA for this like metal sulfides
• does not need H2S
• cells have granules

Question 3

redcution

Answer 3

sulfate as EA
- oblgatory aneorbic process
- reduction sulfate costs.2 ATP, this cost must be lower than ATP gained for it to be worth
- SRB very diverse

Question 4

Paying for reduction

Answer 4

sulfate reduction produces a lot more ATP

Question 5

Disproportionation

Answer 5

• sulfur is ED + EA
• sulfur oxides= sulfate
• sulfur reduced = sulfite
  not large energy yield

Question 6

Sulfate assimilation + desulfurylation

Answer 6

1…
- sulfate is the only organic form that can be assimilated
- reduction reaction that needs aTP
- produces amino acid cysteine => can be converted to other thinfs
2…
- degradation of sulfur containing molecules
- oxidation reaction that makes hydrogen sulfide
- produces ATP

Question 7

How do sulfides behave

Answer 7

• rise form Earth surface from anebric environemtn or minerals

Question 8

How do sulfates behave

Answer 8

• soil, water, sediment
• only EA in aneorbvic cus no O

Question 9

What are sulfide oxidins microbal mats

Answer 9

• white mats in sulfuric seeps
• colour is from element sulfur

Question 10

What can sulfide oxidisng bacteria do

Answer 10

• form long cables
• hydrogen sulfide is oxidised deep into it, e- transfered to where oxygen can be used as TEA

Question 11

Talk about sulfate reduction

Answer 11

• was abudant before O
• very very old
• due to sulfur chemistry its become more important than usual. all metal sulfides are insoluable but the ions are sloables
• they disove in water to make sulfuric acid

Question 12

Give good examples of SRB

Answer 12

Good drainage
- help acid mine drainage which has a lot of dissolved metals + sulfates
- provide e- + C they can reduce to sulfide which reduced acidity + insoluable
Good toxic metals
- C + e- + toxic metals = insoluabel precisitpate
- waste water, biotech

Question 13

SRB bad

Answer 13

Acid rain
- fossil feuls provide C + e-
- because anaeurobic sulfate is reduced as TEA
- sulfur accumilate and contaminates, released sulfur diosixde => acid rain
Rust
- SRB + IRB = rest
- H2 as donor, S redduced

Question 14

Why is phosphirus useful

Answer 14

nucleic acid
phosporgulation
DNA
metabolism

Question 15

How is phosphrus availability goverend

Answer 15

geologically: primary, secondary, sorbed
microbia: organic P

Question 16

Where is p found

Answer 16

fixed
- in rocks = biologicalled unavailble
- weathering + solubulisation is very slow but moves it to active + solution
active + solution
- sorbed to mineral surface or precipated to minerals
- but then disortpopn + dissolution is fast and helps to keep equilibrium
US
- the dissolved P is immobilised by organisms then mineralision back when decaying