L8- Problems, interventions and professional issues (educational psychology) Flashcards
Are systems uses to classify and diagnose problems? If so what systems?
Yes.
DSM5
ICD ||
National classifications
Classifications development in sciences
What is the terminology used within the classification systems for problems?
Terms and definitions are used.
Terms are used to explain, using words. Definitions are statistical, mentioning IQ and expectations of the individual with problems in regards to curriculum.
Define what learning difficulties are
Deficits in cognitive ability
What are the two types of learning difficulties?
Pervasive learning difficulties
Specific learning difficulties
List the learning difficulties which are pervasive learning difficulties
Explain what each of these are (iq and what deficits are)
Moderate LD
IQ- 55<70
Attainment is well below in all/ most areas of curriculum. And possible low self esteem due to this.
Severe LD IQ- 25<55 All areas of curriculum, the individual is well below in. (No higher than early primary level) Slower language acquisition Maths is simple counting Reading is pre-alphabetic, few words.
Profound and Multiple LD
IQ- <25
Possibly no language. Most communication is gestures and expression
Typically accompanied by physical and sensory impairment
Can be caused by pre-perinatal neurological impairments
Name all the specific learning difficulties
Dyslexia
Mathematics disorder
Developmental coordination disorder
Explain what dyslexia is
Problems reading/ writing but have normal cognitive abilities, in terms of IQ.
They have issues identifying speech sounds and understanding how they relate to other letters and words (lack phonological awareness)
What is the typical IQ for someone with dyslexia?
The reading IQ score for someone with dyslexia is <70 but combined IQ is 100
How common is dyslexia? And more common if what?
3-7%
More common in males
Which brain area is related to dyslexia
left Hemisphere:
Inferior frontal gyrus
Inferior parietal lobe
Middle and ventral temporal cortex
What further problems can dyslexia cause?
- learning difficulties, cant keep up with peers
- social problems= low self-esteem, behavioural problems, anxiety, aggression.
- increased risk of ADHD
- problems as adults such as inability to reading affecting them from reaching their full potential
What causes dyslexia?
- genes can affect this
- neurological factors (such as the left hemisphere and brain regions)
- environment (language and education at home)
- the type of written language in their language is important. For example, english language has a complex links to sounds and written language making more problems for dyslexics.
What is mathematics disorder?
Problems in maths despite normal level of cognitive abilities (IQ)
Name a mathmatics disorder:
Discalcuila
This is problems with numbers and arithmetics specifically.
How often is mathmatical disorder and who is this more common in?
3-6%
Roughly equal in males and females
What is mathmatical disorder combined wth? What is this called?
With dyslexia
Comorbidity.
Explain what developmental co-ordination disorder is
Problems with motor co-ordination specifically.
Absence of general physical ability
Problems with object recognition and planning of movement
Issues writing, drawing, dressing and sports
What si the IQ of someone with development co-ordination disorder?
Normal IQ but absence of general physical ability
How common is the developmental co-ordination disorder? And who is this more common in?
5% of child population have severe problems
Affects more boys than girls
What is the future direction of classification of development issues.?
1 categories vs dimensions
= dimensions in classification systems would be more beneficial
2neglect of non-cognitive academic difficulties
The only academically relevant problem considered is learning difficulties. But the motivation problems at school are not considered or excessive negative academic emotions are not considered
3.need t consider the strengths and positive development instead of focusing on the negatives.
Name the internalising difficulties
Anxiety disorders
Depressive disorders
What are internal disorders?
Emotional problem focus, the problems fall from emotional problems
How common are anxiety disorders?
5-10%
Explain what externalising and attention deficit difficulties are
Conduct problems, oppositional behaviour
- adhd
- not in the individual but how they act
How common are externalising and attention-deificit difficulties?
25% of pupils will have one of these at some point
List the three subcategories of externalising and attention deficit difficulties
Conduct disorder
Oppositional deifant disorder
ADHD
Explain conduct disorer
- repetitive violation of other peoples rights or social norms (anti social behaviour)
- aggression, theft, destruction of property
- example is bullying
Example of conduct disorder
Bullying
Physical verbal relational cyberbullying
What are the three groups of symptoms in adhd
1 attention problems
2hyperactivity
3 impulsive behaviour
How prevelant is adhd in school children
2-7%
5-15:
- 6% in boys
- 9% in girls
Who is adhd more common in?
Boys
Name the three presentations of adhd and the symptoms of each presentation
Inattentive
=easily distracted
Unorganised
Difficulty listening
Hyperactive/impulsive
=difficulty sitting still
Rush through tasks
Make rash decisions
Combined (both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive)
= symptoms of both
Name the causes of adhd
- genetic factors
- pre mature birth and low birthweight
- specific infectious disease and toxic substances
- traumatic brain injury
- issues in neurotransmitter systems
- neurological problems w execuative functions
Consequences of adhd
- negative factors on learning and educational attainment
- affects classroom managment
Explain anorexia nervosa and how common and consequences and causes of this
= food restriction and low weight
Strong desire to be thin and having a fear to gain weight
Distorted body perception
- 9%-4.3% of women
- 2%-0.3% of men (typical to be higher as less likely to report)
Consequences:
- psychological and physical health affected
Causes:
-unclear (genetic, low se, desire for control)
List the two sensory/ physical disabilities
Visual impairment
Hearing impairment
Explain what cerebral palsy is
Movement disorder in early childhood
Symptoms consist of poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, trmeors
Can possibly have problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, speaking
Explain the lack of coherance test for autism
Sentence completion test
Lack of coherance answer and coherant answer
What are the codes of practise (phases of action) for SEN children in schools?
1 school action
2 school action plus
3 statutory assessment
4 statement of special educational needs
Intervention examples
Consultation -> training ->prevention ->therapy
When are assessments completed
When problems cannot be solved by teachers parents or learners
- sch action not sufficient
- referal to educational needs assessment to determine sch action plus or sen statement
Answers what th eproblem is and to see if the criteria of SEN is met
Criteria for assessments
Reliability
Validity
Ecomony
Types of performance tests
Intelligence tests
Tests for specifc cogntive functions
Academic acheivement tests
Explain the 5x3 taxonomy of tasks
core tasks 1 assessment 2consultation 3training 4 intervention 5 research
Three levels
1 child and family
2 sch
3 local authority
