L3 causes of MHP

Question 1

What ware the DSM symptoms of panic disorder?

Answer 1

• recurrent and unexpected panic attacks
• 1month plus of worry and change in behaviour
• not due to substances or medical conditions which are already present.
• has no existing disorder which may be why they experience the symptoms they do

Question 2

What are the symptoms of a panic attack?

Answer 2

Dizziness
Nausea 
Sweating
Chills
Pounding or fast heart rate
Numbness
Trembling 
Chest pain

Question 3

How does panic disorder occur?

Answer 3

Individual has a negative cognitive bias makes the individual interpretation of symptoms as a threat.
This gives the person anxiety, causing a panic attack. Which causes a panic disorder

Question 4

What is the biological theory of panic disorder development?

Answer 4

Hyperventilation.

This is when ventilation exceeds its demand, changing the ph in blood. Therefore less o2 goes into cells, making the cardiovascular system change. This causes panic attack symptoms

Question 5

What are the psychological theories of panic disorder development.

Answer 5

1: Classical conditioning
The symptoms are the conditioned stimulus. The learned response is anxiety. Casing a panic attack and panic disorder

2: anxiety sensitivity
Relief of harmful symptoms have harmful response. And panic disorder individuals have higher anxiety sensitivity than other disorders

3:catasphrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations
Interpret bodily sensations wrong and as a threat

Question 6

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

Answer 6

Being weighed down majority of the time for 6months plus. Excess anxiety and worry about lots of stuff causes stress and impairment for the person.

• social fears
• health or money worries
• anticipation of dangers and disasters
• perfectionism

Accompanied by 3+ of :
-restlessness
Easily fatigued
-concentration  difficulties 
-irritability.
-muscle tension
-sleep difficulty

Question 7

What is the biological theory of general anxiety disorder development

Answer 7

If born a worrier, there is evidence that a specific genetic component is scarce

Question 8

What is the psychological components of general anxiety disorder?

Answer 8

Information processing biases
- hypervigilence for threat. E.g. if anxious then u attend more to threat. If not anxious you avoid the threat more

Cognition, beliefs and function of worrying
-belief of if you worry then you can avoid the threat by being cautious

Dispositional characteristics of worrying

• developed series of cognitive biases which make them worry.
• perfectionism, intolerance to uncertainty, responsible for negative outcomes. Poor problem solving confidence

Question 9

What is obsessive compulsive disorder (ocd)

Answer 9

Intrusive thoughts often about causing harm to self or others

Fear of

• contamination
• causing harm
• anything related to order or symmetry
• expressing inmoral, sexual, aggressive impulses.

Question 10

What are the psychological theories of ocd development

Answer 10

Inflated responsibility
=development of dysfunctional beliefs and functions

Thought suppression
=defence mechanism
If it does not work the rebound effect