L8 Coevolution & immune system Flashcards
compare mutualism vs commensalism vs antagonism
mutualism - positive/positive
commensalism - positive/neutral
antagonism - positive/negative
define aposematism
advertising toxicity to predators to prevent predation
the term provided for when multiple toxic species evolve to look like eachother
mullerian mimicry
term provided when non-toxic species evolve aposematic colouration
batesian mimicry
define coevolution
evolution of multiple organisms as they adapt to eachother
compare innate vs adaptive immunity
innate - all animals, rapid response & able to recognise broad pathogens w/ small set of receptors
adaptive - vertebrates only, slow response & recognises particular pathogens with immunological memories
provide examples of barrier defences in innate immunity
skin
mucous membranes
secretions
provide examples of internal defences in innate immunity
phagocytic cells (eat pathogens in phagocytosis)
natural killer cells
antimicrobial proteins
inflammatory response (local or systemic / fever)
compare humoral vs cell-mediated response in adaptive immunity
humoral - antibodies defend against infection in body fluids
cell-mediated - cytotoxic cells replace antibodies
compare t cells vs b cells
both lymphocytes / white blood cells
T - attack infected cells (mature in thymus above heart)
B - attack invaders outside cells (mature in bone marrow)
B/T cells that attack the body itself are ____
destroyed
define acquired immunity
when memory cells recognise a pathogen after it comes back
compare antigen vs antibodies
antigen - substance that draws out B/T cell response
antibodies - antigen receptors without cell
provide examples of artificial immunity (passive & adaptive)
passive - vaccinations/immunisations
adaptive - injecting antibodies from immunised animal to neutralise toxins
provide examples of coevolutionary adaptations of pathogens
pathogens express diff epitopes to reinfect host without triggering rapid response
viruses remain in latency/inactive state to avoid immune response
