L6: Population/Mendelian genetics Flashcards
compare mendelian vs population genetics
mendelian - how genes / different forms transfer across gens
population - genetic info represented within / between pops over time
what is an allele?
version of a gene / different sequence of bases than other alleles of same gene
identify the 3 principles of mendel’s theory of heredity
- inheritance (passing of genes)
- segregation (seperation of allele pairs & recombination in fertilisation)
- independent assortment (genes located on diff chromosomes inherited independently)
what can mendel’s theory help with?
calculate diversity of alleles at particular locus/gene
% of pop with a simple trait
the ____ allele will be expressed over the ____ allele
dominant . . . recessive
identify 2 exceptions to the dominant / recessive rule
linked alleles - alleles that always occur together
co-dominance - don’t show dominance or recessiveness
compare genotype vs phenotype
genotype - genetic makeup
phenotype - physical expression of genotype, can be altered by environment
stability in genes is known as:
hardy-weinberg equilibrium
how to identify h-w equilibrium
extract dna from sample pop
measure size of base pairs for allele pairs of a few genes
compare them (homozygous - same, heterozygous - different)
identify deviations from h-w equilibrium
genetic drift, selection or inbreeding
identify the 2 types of drift
genetic drift (random evolution)
population bottleneck (large population declines to small pop, alleles lost in the process)
define the process of selection
alleles that increase fitness are selected & passed onto next gen
_____ is stronger than drift in big populations
selection
define inbreeding depression
phenomenon where more harmful traits are expressed
