L10 Coordination & communication Flashcards
compare nervous vs endocrine system
nervous - conveys electrical signals along neurons for cell regulation
endocrine - secretes hormones for long response
compare grey vs white matter
both found in brain/spinal cord
grey - neurons, dendrites, unmyelinated axons
white - bundles of myelinated axons
_____ neurons transmit info TO CNS & ______ neurons AWAY from CNS
to - afferent
away - efferent
hormones reach their targets cells via ____
the bloodstream
identify & describe the 5 sensory receptors
mechanoreceptors - physical deformation, pressure, motion, sound
chemoreceptors - solute concentrations, scent, taste
electromagnetic receptors - energy, light, magnetism, electricity
thermoreceptors - temp
pain receptors - damaged tissue
identify the purpose of dendrites
to receive signals from other neurons / sense organs
identify the purpose of axons
transmit signals
identify the purpose of the synaptic terminal
info is passed to another cell & releases neurotransmitters
identify the direction of impulse
dendrites -> axon -> synaptic terminal
where is the synapse located?
between terminal & next cell
identify the purpose of neurotransmitters
chemical messengers that pass signal across synapse in neurons
compare resting vs action potential
resting - membrane potential of a neuron not sending signals
action - moving change in potential
define the membrane potential
voltage in plasma membrane
inside of cell is ____ charged, outside is ____ (+/-)
neg . . . pos
define the purpose of myelin sheath
insulate the axons & increase speed of signal
myelin sheaths are made of ____
glia (support neurons)
simple animals have neurons arranged in _______
nerve nets
define cephalisation
cluster of sensory organs at front end of body in bilateral animals, known as central nervous system
radially symmetrical organisms have _____ nerves
radial
compare parasympathetic vs sympathetic division
parasympathetic - promotes calming
sympathetic - promotes energy generation
the motor system carries _______ signals to ______ muscles
voluntary . . . skeletal
the autonomic nervous system regulates _______ muscles involuntary
smooth & cardiac
enteric division controls activity of:
digestive tract, pancreas, gallbladder
compare the purpose of the forebrain vs midbrain vs hindbrain
forebrain - thinking, memory, logic
midbrain - primitive, sensing environment
hindbrain - feeding
define neural plasticity
the ability for the nervous system to be modified throughout a lifetime
identify the sensory pathway
reception (detection of stimuli) -> transduction (conversion into membrane potential) -> transmission (action potential to CNS) -> perception (brain makes sense of stimuli)
