L10 Coordination & communication

Question 1

compare nervous vs endocrine system

Answer 1

nervous - conveys electrical signals along neurons for cell regulation
endocrine - secretes hormones for long response

Question 2

compare grey vs white matter

Answer 2

both found in brain/spinal cord
grey - neurons, dendrites, unmyelinated axons
white - bundles of myelinated axons

Question 3

_____ neurons transmit info TO CNS & ______ neurons AWAY from CNS

Answer 3

to - afferent
away - efferent

Question 4

hormones reach their targets cells via ____

Answer 4

the bloodstream

Question 4

identify & describe the 5 sensory receptors

Answer 4

mechanoreceptors - physical deformation, pressure, motion, sound
chemoreceptors - solute concentrations, scent, taste
electromagnetic receptors - energy, light, magnetism, electricity
thermoreceptors - temp
pain receptors - damaged tissue

Question 5

identify the purpose of dendrites

Answer 5

to receive signals from other neurons / sense organs

Question 6

identify the purpose of axons

Answer 6

transmit signals

Question 7

identify the purpose of the synaptic terminal

Answer 7

info is passed to another cell & releases neurotransmitters

Question 8

identify the direction of impulse

Answer 8

dendrites -> axon -> synaptic terminal

Question 9

where is the synapse located?

Answer 9

between terminal & next cell

Question 10

identify the purpose of neurotransmitters

Answer 10

chemical messengers that pass signal across synapse in neurons

Question 11

compare resting vs action potential

Answer 11

resting - membrane potential of a neuron not sending signals
action - moving change in potential

Question 12

define the membrane potential

Answer 12

voltage in plasma membrane

Question 13

inside of cell is ____ charged, outside is ____ (+/-)

Answer 13

neg . . . pos

Question 14

define the purpose of myelin sheath

Answer 14

insulate the axons & increase speed of signal

Question 15

myelin sheaths are made of ____

Answer 15

glia (support neurons)

Question 16

simple animals have neurons arranged in _______

Answer 16

nerve nets

Question 17

define cephalisation

Answer 17

cluster of sensory organs at front end of body in bilateral animals, known as central nervous system

Question 18

radially symmetrical organisms have _____ nerves

Answer 18

radial

Question 19

compare parasympathetic vs sympathetic division

Answer 19

parasympathetic - promotes calming
sympathetic - promotes energy generation

Question 20

the motor system carries _______ signals to ______ muscles

Answer 20

voluntary . . . skeletal

Question 21

the autonomic nervous system regulates _______ muscles involuntary

Answer 21

smooth & cardiac

Question 22

enteric division controls activity of:

Answer 22

digestive tract, pancreas, gallbladder

Question 23

compare the purpose of the forebrain vs midbrain vs hindbrain

Answer 23

forebrain - thinking, memory, logic
midbrain - primitive, sensing environment
hindbrain - feeding

Question 24

define neural plasticity

Answer 24

the ability for the nervous system to be modified throughout a lifetime

Question 25

identify the sensory pathway

Answer 25

reception (detection of stimuli) -> transduction (conversion into membrane potential) -> transmission (action potential to CNS) -> perception (brain makes sense of stimuli)