L8 Flashcards
What are the 4 downfalls of in vitro cell-based organoids?
Form in an uncontrolled manner
very small
lack in-vivo anatomical features
lack important organ-supoortive tissues
What are 3 improved organoid technologies?
Improving EC microenvironment
3-D bioprinting
engineering organoids with a functional vasculature
What does bioprinting use?
Cells & other biocompatible materials as ‘inks’ to print layers of living structures
What software is used in bioprinting and why?
CAD/CAM to precisely pattern cells with controlled ECM organization
What do you have to ensure in bioprinting?
Printing with high level of cellular viability at the required extrusion pressure & nozzle size
What are benefits of bioprinting?
Spatial control
Scaling up size of organoids
High throughput tissue formation
Combines intrinsic ability of cells to self-organise with favorable capabilities
What part of the kidney is needed to make functional impact in bioprinting?
Sufficient nephrons
How many nephrons are in a human and mouse?
1,000,000 - human
16,000 - mouse
100 - organoid
What type of bioprinting improves kidney organoid reproducibility & conformation?
Cellular extrusion
What is scaling up?
Making a larger tissue with more nephrons
What is the structure printed and then bioink added?
gives extra degree of control (extracellular compartment more defined)
What are benefits of scaling up in extrusion bioprinting?
facilitating generation of organoids patches or sheets on macro-tissue scale
precise control
printing of in-vivo like complex tissues
scale out - large amounts
Is nutrient penetration reduced or increased in larger organoids?
Reduced - organoid becomes hypoxic & necrotic
What origin is the central nervous system?
Ectodermal - cerebral organoid protocols generate avascular organoids
What does the mesoderm develop into?
Muscle -bones, cartilage, tendon
