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FHB - Endocrinology (by Richie) > L79: Reproduction 1 > Flashcards

L79: Reproduction 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is gene encoding for SHBG located?

A

X chromosome (think XXY Klinefelters - double the amount of SHBG, so less free T!)

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2
Q

Where’s the SRY gene located?

A

Y

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3
Q

When does Mieosis II resume, in the female ovary

A

upon fertilization

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4
Q

What does SRY encode for?

A

Testes determining factor (TDF)

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5
Q

Gonadal sex determination is
A. Hormone dependent
B. XX or XY dependent

A

B.

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6
Q

Germ cells are precursors for

A

Spermatogonia or oogonia

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7
Q

Coelomic epithelium is a precursor for

A

Sertoli cells and granulosa cells

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8
Q

Mesenchymal cells are precursors for

A

Leydig and theca cells

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9
Q

Leydig and theca cell origin?

A

Mesenchymal cell

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10
Q

Sertoli cells and granulosa cell progenitor?

A

Coelomic epithelium

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11
Q

In a male, the _________ develops into seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia, sertoli cells, and leydig cells

A

medulla

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12
Q

In a female, __________ develops into secondary sex cords, oogonia, theca cells, and granulosa cells

A

cortex

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13
Q 
You diagnose a male patient with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Which one of the following pathologies could explain the high FSH/LH with low testosterone?
A. Androgen insensitivity
B. Klinefelter's syndrome
C. Kallman's syndrome
D. Fetal pseudohermaphroditism
E. Turner's syndrome
A

A or E

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14
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

XO (gonadal dysgenesis) in utero, females need both X chromosomes to develop ovaries. Later on they can be inactivated as bar-bodies. Uterus with no ovary results.

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15
Q

Big idea: maleness is

A

imposed. default is feminine program.

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16
Q

Testosterone promotes the preservation of
A. Wolfian ducts
B. Mullerian ducts

A

A.

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17
Q

What hormone, secreted from testes, promotes the atrophy of the mullerian duct?

A

Anti-mullerian hormone

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18
Q

What enzyme makes DHT from T?

A

5-alpha reductase

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19
Q 
Which is NOT formed from the Wolffian duct?
A. Epididymis
B. Vas Deferens
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Ejaculatory duct
E. Leydig cells
A

E. Leydig cells (actually what promote preservation of Wolffian duct in the first place)

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20
Q

BIG IDEA: Even though the female program is default, and female structures develop with out a hormone…

A

…GROWTH TO NORMAL SIZE requires estrogen in the same way that development of male genitalia requires that 2nd testosterone surge at puberty.

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21
Q

In utero, after 9 weeks without ____ it will go ahead and make an ovary

A

Testes determining factor

22
Q

What does finesteride (propecia) do?

A

blocks 5-alpha reductase

23
Q

Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis

A

XXY klinefelters

24
Q

Androgen resistance produces

A

male pseudohermaphroditism

25
Q

male pseudohermaphroditism

A

female phenotype, underdeveloped female structures due to lack of estradiol, but XY genetic sex.

26
Q

21 hydroxylase deficiency

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

27
Q

What is the mullerian/wolffian duct status of Turner’s syndrome?

A

Developed Mullerian duct

Regressed Wolffian duct

28
Q

What is the mullerian/wolffian duct status of an XY patient, with loss of X-linked gene for androgen receptor?

A

Regressed Mullerian duct
Regressed Wolffian duct

This patient has SRY, TDF, testes, and testosterone. But T receptors absent. So Wolffian duct will regress since T cannot tell it to remain. Mullerian duct will regress too, since testes is still producing AMH.

29
Q

What is the mullerian/wolffian duct status of an XY patient, with deficient 5 alpha-reductase?

A

Regressed Mullerian duct
Developed Wolffian duct

…remember 5-alpha reductase converts T to DHT. Only T is necessary to preserve Wolffian duct not DHT. This person might have underdeveloped external genitalia or something, though

30
Q

What is the mullerian/wolffian duct status of an XXY patient?

A

Developed Mullerian duct

Regressed Wolffian duct

31
Q

Female phenotype with testes

A 
male pseudohermaphroditism
(Eg. Androgen resistant patients. No pubic/axillary hair, undescended testes)
32
Q

male phenotype with ovaries

A

female pseudohermaphroditism

33
Q

True hermaphrodite

A

both gonadal sexes present

34
Q

Most testosterone is bound to

A

Cortisol Binding Globulin (55%)
45% is bound to SHBG
2% is free

35
Q

What is the source of all circulating DHEA

A

Adrenal cortex (reticularis)

36
Q

Do adrenal androgens (DHEA) influence male accessory organ development?

A

No.

37
Q 
Which is the strongest androgen?
A. Testosterone
B. Androstenediol
C. Androsterone
D. Testosterone
E. Di-hydrotestosterone
A

E.

38
Q

While only 2% of T is excreted in free form, the rest is

A

converted to 17-ketosteroids & DHT, conjugated into water soluble forms, then excreted.

39
Q

DIRECT effects of testosterone include

A
  1. Development of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles.
  2. Larynx (male voice lowering)
  3. RBC, muscle mass, fat, bone
  4. Increased VLDL and LDL, decreased HDL
40
Q

Male pattern baldness. Direct or indirect (DHT) effect of testosterone?

A

indirect (DHT)

41
Q 
In UTERO, DHT promotes development of
A. Epidydimis
B. Vas Deferens
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Penis
A

D. Penis

note: A, B and C are promoted by T in utero.

42
Q 
In UTERO, T promotes development of 
A. Penis, urethra
B. Scrotum
C. Prostate
D. Epidydimus
A

D. Epidydimus (plus vas deferens, seminal vesicles)

A-C are DHT’s job in utero

43
Q

In PUBERTY, T promotes development of

A 
Penis
Seminal vesicles
Musculature
Voice
Skeleton
Spermatogenesis
44
Q

In PUBERTY, DHT promotes development of

A

Scrotum
Prostate
Male pattern bear, balding, escutcheon
Sebaceous glands

45
Q

Treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BHP)

A

5-alpha reductase inhibitor, suppress DHT thus prostate growth

46
Q

Constant high levels of GnRH is

A

INHIBITS release of FSH and LH at anterior pituitary

47
Q

Prostate cancer treatment

A

Androgen receptor blocker (flutamide)

Continuous GnRH agonist (shuts off LH)

48
Q

Testosterone only

A 
Liver (increase VLDL & LDL, decrease HDL)
RBC
Muscle mass
Abdominal visceral fat
Larynx (male voice)
Epidydymis 
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
49
Q

DHT only

A 
Prostate
Beard Growth
Sebum formation
Penis
Scrotum
Urethra
Prostate
50
Q

T and DHT

A

Seminal vesicles

FHB - Endocrinology (by Richie) (24 decks)

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