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BIOL 336 > L7: Neurobiology I > Flashcards

L7: Neurobiology I Flashcards

1
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves that connect the brain or spinal cord with the body’s muscles, glands, and sense organs

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3
Q

both nervous systems are composed of two cell types

A

neurons and glial cells

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4
Q

neurons

A

cells in the nervous system specialized to initiate, integrate, and conduct electrical signals

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5
Q

glia

A

non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons

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6
Q

glial cells make up __% of the cells in the nervous system

A

90%

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7
Q

four types of glia

A

astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells

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8
Q

astrocytes

A

support cells, control extracellular environment

of neurons

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9
Q

microglia

A

immune system of the CNS

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10
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

form the insulating material, myelin

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11
Q

ependymal cells

A

ciliated cells that create a selectively permeable epithelial layer, that separates the CNS fluid compartments

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12
Q

olygodendrocytes can extend its processes to up to 50 axons (T/F)

A

true

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13
Q

Schwann cell can wrap multiple neurons (T/F)

A

false

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14
Q

myelin

A

composed of multiple concentric layers of phospholipid membrane

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15
Q

tiny gaps between Schwann cells

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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16
Q

glial cells in PNS

A

Schwann and satellite cells

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17
Q

ganglion

A

a collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS and appear as knots or swelling along a nerve

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18
Q

satellite cells

A

non-myelinating PNS glial cells that form protective capsules around nerve cells

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19
Q

nucleus

A

a collection of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS

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20
Q

membrane between the bones and tissues of the CNS

A

meninges

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21
Q

three layers of meninges

A

dura, arachnoid, pia matter

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22
Q

dura

A

the thickest, associated with veins

23
Q

arachnoid

A

loosely tied to the inner membrane, leaving a subarachnoid space between two layers

24
Q

pia matter

A

thin membrane, associated with arteries

25
Q

a final protective component of the CNS

A

extracellular fluid that helps cushion the neural tissue

26
Q

extracellular environment for neurons

A

cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid

27
Q

interstitial fluid lies inside

A

the pia matter

28
Q

cerebrospinal fluid is found in

A

the ventricles and the space between the pia matter and the arachnoid membrane

29
Q

cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid communicate

A

via the leaky junctions of the pial membrane and the ependymal cell layer lining the ventricles

30
Q

the brain floats in

A

CSF

31
Q

CSF is secreted by

A

choroid plexus

32
Q

choroid plexus consists of

A

capillaries and a transporting epithelium

33
Q

choroid plexus cells

A

selectively pump sodium and other solutes from plasma into the ventricles, creating an osmotic gradient that draws water along with the solutes

34
Q

CSF flows

A

from the ventricles into the subarachnoid space

35
Q

the rate of fluid

A

replenish the entire volume of CSF about three times a day

36
Q

CSF is reabsorbed into the blood

A

at fingerlike projections of the arachnoid membrane called arachnoid villi

37
Q

CSF functions

A

physical and chemical protection

38
Q

buoyancy of CSF reduces the weight of the brain

A

nearly 30-fold

39
Q

lighter weight translates into

A

less pressure on blood vessels and nerves attached to the CNS

40
Q

CSF provides

A

protective padding

41
Q

choroid plexus is selective about

A

which substance it transports into the ventricles

42
Q

CSF contains compared to blood

A

very little protein, no blood cells, Na+ concentrations are similar, K+ concentrations are lower

43
Q

blood brain barrier

A

acts to maintain selective permeability of substances into the brain

44
Q

blood brain barrier

A

necessary to isolate the body’s main control center from potentially harmful substances (toxins, hormones, ions, neurotransmitters, pathogens)

45
Q

tight junctions

A

formation of them is stimulated by paracrine signals from adjacent astrocytes whose foot processes surround capillary

46
Q

what cells form tight junctions

A

endothelial cells in brain capillaries

47
Q

typical capillaries

A

lack tight junctions resulting in relatively leaky capillary walls

48
Q

transcytosis

A

the movement of a molecule across an endothelial cell by endocytosis

48
Q

transcytosis

A

the movement of a molecule across an endothelial cell by endocytosis

48
Q

transcytosis

A

the movement of a molecule across an endothelial cell by endocytosis

49
Q

hydrophilic molecules can only cross the blood brain barrier

A

using specific transport proteins

50
Q

transcytosis ___ across capillary endothelial cells in the CNS

A

does not occur

51
Q

what can pass the blood brain barrier?

A

hydrophobic molecules, glucose, and amino acids

52
Q

what can’t pass the brain blood barrier?

A

catecholamines, inorganic ions, certain drugs

BIOL 336 (20 decks)

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