L5: Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

hypothalamus

A

the most important control area for homeostatic regulation

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2
Q

hypothalamus location

A

lies under the thalamus on the underside of the brain

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3
Q

pituitary consists of

A

anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

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4
Q

pituitary gland sits on

A

protected pocket of sphenoid bone

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5
Q

pituitary gland is connected to hypothalamus by

A

infundibulum

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6
Q

anterior pituitary

A

true endocrine gland of epithelial origin

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7
Q

posterior pituitary

A

not a gland, but rather an extension of neural components of the hypothalamus

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8
Q

posterior pituitary function

A

secretion of neurohormones made in the hypothalamus

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9
Q

neurohormones

A

hormones produced by specialized nerve cells and secreted into the circulation

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10
Q

two nuclei in hypothalamus extending axons to posterior pituitary

A

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

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11
Q

supraoptic nuclei synthesize

A

vasopressin

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12
Q

paraventricular nuclei synthesize

A

oxytocin

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13
Q

oxytocin is involved in

A

stimulation of milk ejection from the mammary glands, contraction of uterine smooth muscle cells until birth during labor

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14
Q

vasopressin (ADH) is involved in

A

water balance processes in kidneys

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15
Q

vasopressin and oxytocin are stored and released by

A

posterior pituitary

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16
Q

hypothalamic hormones that regulate anterior pituitary are called

A

hypophysiotropic or hypothalamic releasing/inhibiting hormones

17
Q

in anterior pituitary regulation, hypothalamic nuclei send axons to

A

median eminence

18
Q

anterior pituitary secretes

A

six characterized peptide hormones

19
Q

six anterior hormones

A

1) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
2) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
3) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4) Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)
5) Prolactin
6) Growth hormone

20
Q

FSH and LH

A

gonadotropic hormones that stimulate the gonads

21
Q

ACTH

A

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

22
Q

TSH

A

induces the thyroid to secrete T3 and T4

23
Q

Prolactin

A

controls milk production in the breast

24
Q

GH

A

stimulates the liver to secrete the growth promoting hormone, insisting like growth factor

25
tropic hormones
hormones that stimulate other glands: | FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH
26
direct hormones
stimulate another part of body directly: | prolactin and growth hormone
27
ACTH is synthesized in the anterior pituitary from
POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) protein
28
POMC also yields
bete-endorphin, opioid that binds to receptors that block pain perception
29
two inhibitory tropic hormones in hypothalamus
somatostatin (SS) and dopamine (DA)
30
somatostatin inhibits
growth hormone
31
dopamine inhibits
prolactin
32
short-loop feedback
pituitary hormones feed back to decrease hormone secretion by the hypothalamus
33
long-loop feedback
the last hormone in a pathway feeds back to suppress secretion of hormones by the hypothalamus
34
hypophysiotropic hormones reach the anterior pituitary via
the portal vessels connecting hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland
35
prolactin controls milk __
production
36
oxytocin controls milk __
ejection