L7 Neuro

Question 1

Neurons supported by

Answer 1

Glial cells

Question 2

Nissl substance

Answer 2

granular basophilic cytoplasmic material

Question 3

Hypoxic injury to brain causes

Answer 3

Loss of ribonucleotides
Denaturation of cytoskeletal proteins
Resulting in red neurons (eosinophilic)

Question 4

Reactive gliosis
What is it produced by
What is it

Answer 4

Astrocytes produce dense network of cytoplasmic processes around around injury area
Intermediate filaments

Question 5

Oligodendrocyte function

Answer 5

Formation and maintenance of central myelin

Question 6

Ependymal cells

Answer 6

Line the ventricles

Question 7

Microglia
What are they
What do they look like

Answer 7

Phagoctyes and macrophages
APC’s
Scavengers during necrosis
Appear as rod cells

Question 8

Rosenthal fibers

Answer 8

Thick eosinophilic protein aggregates in chronic gliosis

Question 9

Papilledema
What is it
Major indication of

Answer 9

Swelling of optic disc

Cerebral edema

Question 10

Brain herniations
Transtentorial
Subfalcine
Tonsillar

Answer 10

Transtentorial (uncinate)
Subfalcine (cingulate)
Tonsillar (cerebellar tonsils)

Question 11

Stroke

Answer 11

acute neurologic deficit lasting >24 hours

Question 12

Most common cause of brain infarction

Most common artery

Answer 12

atherosclerosis

Middle cerebral artery

Question 13

Brain infarction timeline

Answer 13

1-12 hrs: Normal
24-36: acute : red neurons, neutrophil infiltration
3rd day: subacute : macrophage infiltration
1 month: chronic: soft irregular cavitated lesions
6 months: chronic: smooth walled cavity

Question 14

Intraparenchymal brain hemorrhage location

Answer 14

Basal ganglia

Pons

Question 15

Subarachnoid brain hemorrhage
Characteristics
Location

Answer 15

Saccular berry aneurysms

Arterial bifurcations of circle of willis

Question 16

Most common vascular malformation in primary brain hemorrhages

Answer 16

Arteriovenous malformation

Question 17

Epidural hematoma
Artery or vein
Cause

Answer 17

Rupture of meningeal ARTERY
Lucid interval,then loss of consciousness
Blunt force

Question 18

Subdural hematoma
Artery or vein
Cause

Answer 18

Rupture of VEINS
Blood between dura and arachnoid membrane
Whiplash, shaken baby, brain atrophy

Question 19

Lobes more likely to suffer contusions

Answer 19

frontal

temporal

Question 20

Neuron response to injury

Answer 20

Shrinkage
Nuclear degeneration
Breakdown in BBB

Question 21

Astrocytes
What do they do
What can you see

Answer 21

Responsible for scar formation (gliosis)

Make Rosenthal fibers

Question 22

Choroid plexus

Answer 22

Produces CSF