L4 Gyn and Breast Flashcards
Leukorrhea
Vaginal discharge
Frequent causes of Vaginitis (microbial)
Candida albicans
Trichomonas vaginalis
Papanicolaou test
Responsible for discovery of preinvasive intraepithelial cervical neoplasia
PAP SMEAR
Increased prevalence of cervical neoplasia due to (4)
Sex
Multiple partners
Male w/ multiple partners
Persistant infection w/ HPV
Squamous cell carcinoma starts out as
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
Colposcopy
Cervical examination
Intraepithelial neoplasia is graded how
I-III
Menorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Dysmenorrhea
Men: profuse/prolonged bleeding
Metro: irregular bleeding between period
Dys: painful menstrual bleeding
Endometriosis
What is it
Where
Endometrial glands/stroma outside the uterus
Locations:
Pelvis: ovaries, tubes, rectovaginal septum
Endometrial hyperplasia
Secondary to what
Population
Secondary to excess estrogen
Perimenopausal women from obesity, faiure of ovulation, administration of estrogen
Stages of endometrial hyperplasia
Mild
Moderate
Atypical
Carcinoma
Leiomyoma
What is it
Arises from
Benign tumor of smooth muscle
Arises from myometrium
Fibroid
Leiomyoma arising in uterus
Most common benign tumor in females
Leiomyoma
Growth of Leiomas
What causes it
Growth pattern
Cause unknown but estrogen related
Rapid during preg. Regress after menopause
Most frequent cancer in female genital tract in Western world
Endometrial carcinoma
Types of endometrial carcinoma
Endometrioid: perimenopausal w/ estrogen excess
Serous: older women w/ endometrial atrophy
Early symptoms of endometrial carcinoma
leukorrhea and irregular bleeding in postmenopausal women
Polycystic ovarian disease Caused by Population Symptoms Increased risk of
Hormonal disorder (increased Andro and E)
Reproductive age
Absent bleeding, body hair, acne obesity,
Increased risk of Cardio disease and Type II diabetes
When does ovarian carcinoma start to have terrible prognosis
What does prog depend on
Once it penetrates the capsule
Prog depends on stage
Ovarian carcinoma
Risk factors
Nulliparity (not having had a child)
Family history
Teratoma of ovary
What is it
Population
Differentiation of totipotent cells to make all three germ layers
Before 20
Malignancy of teratoma
Earlier onset is greater likelihood
Most are benign mature cystic teratomas
Most common benign tumor of breasts
Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenoma
Population
Prepubertal girls and young women w/ peak 20s
Fibroadenoma
Composition
Encapsulated
Grandular epithelium and
Fibrous tissue
Solitary, freely movable
Types of breast carcinoma
Ductal (ductal epithelium)
Lobular (glandular acini)
Which gene increases risk for breast and ovarian
BRCA
