L4 Gyn and Breast

Question 1

Leukorrhea

Answer 1

Vaginal discharge

Question 2

Frequent causes of Vaginitis (microbial)

Answer 2

Candida albicans

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 3

Papanicolaou test

Answer 3

Responsible for discovery of preinvasive intraepithelial cervical neoplasia
PAP SMEAR

Question 4

Increased prevalence of cervical neoplasia due to (4)

Answer 4

Sex
Multiple partners
Male w/ multiple partners
Persistant infection w/ HPV

Question 5

Squamous cell carcinoma starts out as

Answer 5

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

Question 6

Colposcopy

Answer 6

Cervical examination

Question 7

Intraepithelial neoplasia is graded how

Answer 7

I-III

Question 8

Menorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Dysmenorrhea

Answer 8

Men: profuse/prolonged bleeding
Metro: irregular bleeding between period
Dys: painful menstrual bleeding

Question 9

Endometriosis
What is it
Where

Answer 9

Endometrial glands/stroma outside the uterus
Locations:
Pelvis: ovaries, tubes, rectovaginal septum

Question 10

Endometrial hyperplasia
Secondary to what
Population

Answer 10

Secondary to excess estrogen

Perimenopausal women from obesity, faiure of ovulation, administration of estrogen

Question 11

Stages of endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 11

Mild
Moderate
Atypical
Carcinoma

Question 12

Leiomyoma
What is it
Arises from

Answer 12

Benign tumor of smooth muscle

Arises from myometrium

Question 13

Fibroid

Answer 13

Leiomyoma arising in uterus

Question 14

Most common benign tumor in females

Answer 14

Leiomyoma

Question 15

Growth of Leiomas
What causes it
Growth pattern

Answer 15

Cause unknown but estrogen related

Rapid during preg. Regress after menopause

Question 16

Most frequent cancer in female genital tract in Western world

Answer 16

Endometrial carcinoma

Question 17

Types of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 17

Endometrioid: perimenopausal w/ estrogen excess
Serous: older women w/ endometrial atrophy

Question 18

Early symptoms of endometrial carcinoma

Answer 18

leukorrhea and irregular bleeding in postmenopausal women

Question 19

Polycystic ovarian disease 
Caused by
Population
Symptoms
Increased risk of

Answer 19

Hormonal disorder (increased Andro and E)
Reproductive age
Absent bleeding, body hair, acne obesity,
Increased risk of Cardio disease and Type II diabetes

Question 20

When does ovarian carcinoma start to have terrible prognosis

What does prog depend on

Answer 20

Once it penetrates the capsule

Prog depends on stage

Question 21

Ovarian carcinoma

Risk factors

Answer 21

Nulliparity (not having had a child)

Family history

Question 22

Teratoma of ovary
What is it
Population

Answer 22

Differentiation of totipotent cells to make all three germ layers
Before 20

Question 23

Malignancy of teratoma

Answer 23

Earlier onset is greater likelihood

Most are benign mature cystic teratomas

Question 24

Most common benign tumor of breasts

Answer 24

Fibroadenoma

Question 25

Fibroadenoma

Population

Answer 25

Prepubertal girls and young women w/ peak 20s

Question 26

Fibroadenoma

Composition

Answer 26

Encapsulated
Grandular epithelium and
Fibrous tissue
Solitary, freely movable

Question 27

Types of breast carcinoma

Answer 27

Ductal (ductal epithelium)

Lobular (glandular acini)

Question 28

Which gene increases risk for breast and ovarian

Answer 28

BRCA