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Y3R2 - Toxicology ☠️ > L7: Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

L7: Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

sources of hydrocarbons

A

mainly derived from petroleum distillation.

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2
Q

Forms of hydrocarbons

A

solvents, degreasers, fuels, lubricants.

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3
Q

What does toxic effect of hydrocarbons depend on?

A
  • Volatility and viscosity of the substance
  • Capability of organic solvent to dissolve the bond between cell membranes lipids leading to tissue irritation.
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4
Q

Volatility and viscosity of the hydrocarbons

A
  • High viscosity + Low volatility = Low risk of systemic toxicity and aspiration.
  • Low viscosity + high volatility = High risk of systemic toxicily and aspiration.
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5
Q

Capability of organic solvent to dissolve the bond between cell membranes lipids leading to tissue irritation.

A
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6
Q

CP of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • Local manifestations
  • Systemic manifestation
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7
Q

Local Manifestations of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • GIT Manifestations
  • Respiratory manifestation
  • Dermal & Ocular manifestations
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8
Q

GIT manifestations of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • Abrupt nausea, vomiting, and occasionally with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
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9
Q

Respiratory manifestation of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A

Pulmonary aspiration:

  • Immediate onset of coughing or choking.
  • This may progress within minutes or hours to a chemical pneumonitis characterized by respiratory distress.
  • Fever develops with 2ndry bacterial infection.
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10
Q

Dermal and ocular manifestations of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • Skin or eye contact may cause local irritation, burns, corneal injury.
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11
Q

Systemic manifestations of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • CNS manifestations
  • CVS manifestations
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12
Q

CNS manifestations of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • Often includes confusion, lethargy, and headache.
  • With significant exposure: syncope, coma, and respiratory arrest may occur.
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13
Q

Cardiac manifestations of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A

Cardiac Dysrythmia

  • Due to myocardial sensitization to circulating catecholamines especially with halogenated and aromatic compounds.
  • Many agents also may cause hepatic and renal injury
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14
Q

What type of Hydrocarbons toxicity Causes Cardiac dysrythmia?

A

halogenated and aromatic compounds.

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15
Q

Investigations in cases of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • Bedside tests
  • Lab tests
  • Rad tests
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16
Q

Bedside tests for Hydrocarbons toxicity

A

Pulse oximetry: At time of arrival, every 2 hours until discharge.

ECG & Cardiac Mentoring: For cardiac dysrhythmias

17
Q

Lab tests for Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • ABG, complete blood count, urine analysis, liver and kidney
  • Serial tracheal aspirates if a bacterial pneumonia is suspected.
18
Q

Rad tests for Hydrocarbons toxicity

A

Chest x-ray:

  • Positive findings in > 65% in first 6 hours after exposure.
  • Abnormalities may occur as early as 30 minutes or as late as 12 hours
19
Q

Aspects of treatment of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • Emergency & supporfive measures
  • GIT Decontamination
  • Enhanced elimination?
  • Antidote
  • Symptomatic treatment
20
Q

Emergency and supportive treatments for Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • Core of ABCDE.
  • Admission to the ICU: For frequent ABG’s, chest-X ray and continuous cardio-rospiratory monitoring for patients with respiratory distress, Intubation considered if indicated.
21
Q

GIT decontamination in cases of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • Emesis
  • Gastric Lavage
  • Activated Charcoal
22
Q

Is emesis indicated in Hydrocarbons toxicity?

A

Contraindicated, May lead to aspiration.

23
Q

Gastric lavage in Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • May be indicated in case of large ingestions
  • Or hydrocarbon mixed with toxic additives as Leaded gasoline & Halogenated hydrocarbons (Endotracheal intubation is done in advance).
24
Q

Activated Charcoal in Hydrocarbons toxicity

A
  • does not bind to hydrocarbons
  • may trigger aspiration.
25
Q

antidote in cases of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A

No role for antidotes in hydrocarbon toxicity except:

  • In mixed toxicities with organophosphate pesticides.
  • In cases ingested leaded gasoline in significant amount.
26
Q

Enhanced Elimination in cases of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A

No role in hydrocarbon toxicity.

27
Q

Symptomatic treatment in cases of Hydrocarbons toxicity

A

Y3R2 - Toxicology ☠️ (15 decks)

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