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Y3R2 - Toxicology ☠️ > L13: Snake > Flashcards

L13: Snake Flashcards

1
Q

Percentage of Venomous snake bites

A
  • Only 5% to 10% of snake bites are vonomous (i.e. inject venom into the prey)
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2
Q

Families of Venomous snakes in egypt

A
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3
Q

where is snake venom present?

A
  • Saliva of snake, ejected from highly developed secretory organ (Modified parotid glands) during the act of biting.
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4
Q

Color & nature of snake venom

A
  • It is pale transparent yellow viscous secretion, when fresh.
  • Proteinous in nature, most of which are glycopolypeptides and are enzymatic in action
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4
Q

About 80-90% of viperidae consists of ….

A

enzymes

e.g. hemolysin, fibrinolysin, phospholipase in viper venom

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5
Q

25-70% of elapidae consists of ……

A

Enzymes

  • Cholinesterase, neurotoxins in elapidae venom.
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6
Q

what secretes Neurotoxic venom?

A
  • Elapidae,
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7
Q

Characters of Neurotoxic venom

A
  • It has a curare-like action
  • Causing paralysis of motor nerve endings in voluntary muscles.
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8
Q

What secretes Vasculotoxic venom?

A

Viperidae

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9
Q

Characters of Vasculotoxic venom

A
  • It contains phospholipase enzyme.
  • It produces destruction of RBCs leading to extra and intravascular hemolysis.
  • This action is manifested as coagulative disorders and Thrombocytopenia with bleeding tendency from external orifices of the body and site of the bite.
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10
Q

what secretes Myotoxic venom?

A

Hydrophidae.

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11
Q

Characters of Myotoxic venom

A

Simulates the neurotoxic

  • As it produces generalized muscular pain and weakness
  • Followed by degeneration of the muscles
  • Myoglobinuria ending in respiratory and renal failure in fatal cases.
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12
Q

CP of of snake bites

A

Local & Systemic effects

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13
Q

Local effects of Elapid snake bite (Neurotoxic venom)

A
  • Mild or minimal swelling and inflammation around fang marks.
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14
Q

Systemic effects of Elapid snake bite (Neurotoxic venom)

A
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15
Q

what is the first neurological sign of Elapid snake bite (Neurotoxic venom)?

A

Ptosis

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16
Q

what are characteritic effects for Elapidae snakes (Other than local & Systemic effects)?

A

Ophthalmic effects

17
Q

Ophthalmic effects of Elapidae

18
Q

Local effects of Viper snake bite (Vasculotoxic venom)

19
Q

Systemic effects of Viper snake bite (Vasculotoxic venom)

20
Q

Local effects of Sea snake bite (Myotoxic)

A

Mild or minimal local swelling around the fang marks.

21
Q

Systemic effects of Sea snake bite (Myotoxic)

22
Q

Dx of Snake Bite

23
Q

TTT aspects of Snake Bite

A
  • Reassurance
  • Local effects
  • Systemic effects
  • Decontamination
  • Enhanced Elimination
24
Reassurance (**Snake Bite**)
- To prevent death from neurogenic shock since most bites are non-venomous
25
TTT of Local effects in **Snake Bite**
26
TTT of Systemic effects in **Snake Bite**
- Emergency and supportive care - Antidote (Antivenin)
27
Antidote in cases of **Snake Bite**
(Antivenin)
28
Indication of antivenin in **Snake Bite**
All snake bite with local or systemic toxicities
29
Site of TTT of patients with **Snake Bite**
Treat all patients in an intensive care unit.
30
Time of Dermal Sensitivity Test
- Perform skin test for horse serum sensitivity only. when signs of envenomation are present and imminent antivenin therapy is anticipated **using 1:10 dilution of antivenin.**
31
How to prepare the patient before skin test & antivenin adminstration?
Insert preferably two secure IV lines.
32
Anti-prophylactic measures if antivenin is used in a patient with a positive skin test
- Pre-freatment with IV diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, and calcium - Have ready at the bedside a preloaded syringe containing epinephrine (1/10,000 for IV use) in case of anaphylaxis.
33
Do you abandon antivenin if skin test is positive?
- Do not abandon antivenin therapy if skin test is positive.
34
Does negative skin test exlude anaphlyaxis in cases of dermal sensitivity test?
Even if skin test is negative, anaphylaxis may still occur unpredictably.
35
Doses of antivenin
36
Decontamination in **Snake bite**
- Remain calm, wash area with soap and water and remove any constricting clothing or jewelry. - Do not apply ice to the site. - Do not apply a tourniquet and immobilize the extremity. - Do not make cuts over the bite site.
36
End point of antivenin
- It is the reversal of systemic manifestation (e.g., shock, coagulopathy and parethesias), - Halting of progressive oedema and pain.
37
Emergency TTT **Snake Bite**
37
Enhanced Elimination in **Snake Bite**
Dialysis, haemoperfusion, and charcoal administration are not effective.

Y3R2 - Toxicology ☠️ (15 decks)

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