Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3R2 - Toxicology ☠️ > L5: Salicylates > Flashcards

L5: Salicylates Flashcards

1
Q

what are Salicylates?

A

Salicylates are salts or esters of salicylic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Forms of Salicylates in nature

A

Some derivatives are found in nature like methyl salicylate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common Preparations of Salicylates

A
  • Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin)
  • Methyl-salicylate (oil of wintergreen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acetyl Salicylic acid (Aspirin)

A
  • Available as lablets ranging from 75 mg for children to 325 mg for adults.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Methyl-Salicylate (Oil of wintergreen)

A
  • It is a colorless or yellowish liquid which has a characteristic odor and taste.
  • It is the most dangerous of salicylate formulations as one teaspoonful contains 7000 mg of salicylate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Toxic action of Salicylates

A
  • Local action
  • Systemic action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Local toxic action of Salicylates

A
  • Gastro-intestinal irritation
  • Flaring up of peptic ulcer symptoms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Systemic toxic action of Salicylates

A
  • CNS effects
  • Metabolic effects
  • Hematological effects
  • Hyperthermic effects
  • Allergic effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CNS effects of Salicylates

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do Salicylates Cause respiratory stimulation?

A
  • Direct action on the brain.
  • Indirect action by enhancing o2 consumption & cellular metabolic rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does resp. stimulation by Salicylates lead to?

A
  • CO2 accumulation → hyperventilation → decreased PCO2 (respiratory alkalosis) → renal compensation by excreting more HCO3 and retaining more H+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Metabolic effects of Salicylates

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heamtologic effects of Salicylates

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do Salicylates decreases plasma prothrombin time?

A
  • Direct hepatoloxicity, interfering with Vit.K utilization & inhibition of fact. VIl synthesis .
  • Aspirin is transformed into dicoumarol which competes with Vit. K resulting in hypoprothrombinemia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what causes Hyperthermic effects of Salicylates?

A

Due.to

  • Enhancement of 02 consumption
  • Cellular metabolic rate
  • Dissociation of oxidative phosphorylation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Allergic effects of Salicylates

A
  • Skin rashes
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • Bronchospasm
  • Angionerotic oedema
  • Anaphylactic shock.
14
Q

manner of poisoning by Salicylates

A
15
Q

CP of Salicylates Toxicity

A

Acute or Chronic

16
Q

CP of Mild Salicylate Toxicity

A
17
Q

CP of Moderate Salicylate Toxicity

A
18
Q

CP of Severe Salicylate Toxicity

A
19
Q

Lethal Salicylate Toxicity

A

Coma & Death

20
Q

what causes Chronic Salicylate Poisoning?

A

results from ingestion or application of large doses for long periods.

21
Q

CP of Chronic Salicylate Poisoning

A
  • Tinnitus
  • Abnormal bleeding (gastric or retinal)
  • Gastric ulceration
  • Weight loss
  • Mental deterioration
  • Skin eruption
  • May be liver damage
22
Q

Investigations for Salicylate Toxicity

A
23
Q

TTT aspects of Salicylate Toxicity

A
  • Emergency and supportive measures
  • Decontamination
  • Antidote
  • Enhanced elimination
24
Q

emergency and supportive treatment of Salicylate Toxicity

A

Core of Airway, Breathing & Circulation.

25
Q

Decontaminatio of Salicylate Toxicity

A
  • Activated Charcoal
  • Gastric Lavage
  • Cothartic
26
Q

Activated charcoal in Salicylate Toxicity

A
  • Administration of activated charcoal to adsorb any remaining drvg.
26
Q

Gastric Lavage of Salicylate Toxicity

A
  • Gastric lavage using saline or water.
  • It may be effective up to 12 hours.
27
Q

Cathartic in Salicylate Toxicity

A

A saline cathartic may be given to hasten passage through the G.I.T

27
Q

antidote in Salicylate Toxicity

A
  • No specific antidote.
  • NaHCO3 is given to prevent acidemia and promote elimination.
28
Q

Enhanced Elimination of Salicylate

A
  • Alkaline Diuresis
  • Multiple Doses Activated Charcoal
  • Hemodialysis
  • Charcoal Haemoperfusion and MDAC
29
Q

Alkaline diuresis of Salicylate Toxicity

A
  • Correction of acidosis and alkalinization of urine with administration of sodium bicarbonate.
29
Q

When is Alkaline diuresis of Salicylate Toxicity contraindicated?

A
  • Pulmonary oedema,
  • Impaired renal function
  • Shock.
30
Q

Multiple doses of activated charcoal for enhanced elimination

A
  • To adsorb any remaining drug in stomach
  • Interrupt entero-entric and entero-hepatic circulation
31
Q

Hemodialysis Salicylates Toxicity

A

It effectively increases the clearance and improves fluid electrolyte balance.

It is indicated in
- Severe toxicity
- Cases of cardiac or renal failure.

32
Q

Charcoal Hemoperfusion & MDAC in Alkaline diuresis of Salicylate Toxicity

A

They produce better salicylate clearance than haemodialysis.

33
Q

Symptomatic Treatment in Salicylate Toxicity

A

Y3R2 - Toxicology ☠️ (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions