L12: Food Poisoning & Botulism Flashcards
Def of Food Poisoning
- Food poisoning comes from eating food or drinking water that is contaminated with a virus, bacterium, parasite, or chemical causing illness.
Another name of Food Poisoning
also called gastroenteritis.
Characters of Food Poisoning
- It may affect one person or a group of people who ate the same thing (called an outbreak).
- Time between the ingestion of suspected food and onset of symptoms helps to diagnose the cause.
- It is mainly manifested by nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
- Treatment is mainly symptomatic with control of hypotension and dehydration
TTT of Food Poisoning
mainly symptomatic with control of hypotension and dehydration
manifestations of Food Poisoning
manifested by nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
Causes of Food Poisoning
- Endogenous Food Poisoning
- Chemical Food Poisoning
- Infectious Food Poisoning
Endogenous Food Poisoning
Chemical Food Poisoning
Infectious Food Posioning
Parasitic Infectious Food Posioning
- E. histolytica
- Giardia Lambia.
Bacterial Infectious Food Posioning
- As Staphylococcus aureus (I.P 1 - 12 h) T
- As Salmonella (I.P 12-72 h).
- As E. coli (I.P 12-72 h)
- As Clostridium botulinum (I.P 18-36 h)
Fungal Infectious Food Posioning
- Aspergillus species that produce aflatoxins & ochratoxins → “present in nuts, cereals, coffee & rice”.
Def of Botulism
Botulism is a paralytic infectious disease caused by ciostridium botulinum toxin, which produces life-threatening muscle paralysis.
Manefistations of Botulism in brief
Botulism is mainly manifested by bilateral symmotrical descending paralysis
Dx of Botulism in brief
Mainly diagnosed clinically.
Botulism is a case of ICU admission
..
Manin Line of TTT of Botulism
Anti-botulinum antibodies is the main line of treatment
Characters of Clostridium botulinum
what is the commonest botulinum neurotoxin?
A, B, C, and E
Mode of posioning by botulism (Types of botulism)
Toxic action in botulism
Infant botulism
- The toxin is produced by the organism in the immature gastrointestinal tract (Gl).
- Honey may contain botulinum toxin spores and be the source of toxin.
CP of Food-borne Botulism
IP in Food-borne Botulism
An incubation period of 18-36 hours (up to 8 days) may occur.
Early Signs in Food-borne Botulism
Dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing
- due to bulbar muscle weakness.
Blurred vision:
- due to involvement of cranial nerves, especially abducent (VI) and oculomotor (III) nerves.
Late signs in Food-borne Botulism
- Descending symmetrical weakness and paralysis with intact mentation
- Respiratory muscle weakness and failure, cardiac arrest may occur
CP of Infant Botulism
Characters of wound Botulism
- Symptoms as those of food borne botulism without gastro- intestina! symptoms.
- It commonly occurs with deep contaminated wounds.
- Incubation period of 4-14 days.
Investigations of Botulism
DDx of Botulism
TTT of Botulism
- Emergency and supportive measures
- Decontamination
- Antidote
- Symptomatic TTT
Emergency & Supportive TTT of Botulism
- Treatment should focus on airway management and supportive care.
- It is a case for intensive care unit admission
- Endotracheol intubation should be performed when any signs of respiratory failure or pulmonary aspiration develop.
Decontamination in Botulism
what is the antidote of choice in Botulism?
- Equine botulism immunoglobulin (heptavalent-equine)
- Human botulism immunoglobulin
Equine botulism immunoglobulin (heptavalent-equine)
- Indications
- CI
- Dose
- Side effects
Uses of Human botulism immunoglobulin
It may be useful in infant botulism.
Symptomatic TTT of Botulism
- Antiemetics
- IV fluid
- Anclgesics
