L6 Upper airways

Question 1

Describe the movement of the soft palate during swallowing and breathing

Answer 1

rises during swallowing

lowers for breathing

Question 2

where does the soft palate sit in relation to the epiglottis

Answer 2

ventral

Question 3

what is the role of auditory tubes

Answer 3

equalise pressure between the middle ear cavity and the external environment.

open into the lateral wall of the nasopharynx and open during swallowing.

Question 4

What cartilages form the larynx

Answer 4

cricoid
arytenoid (paired)
thyroid
epiglottis

Question 5

What are the guttural pouches in a horse

Answer 5

air filled diverticula of the auditory tubes

Question 6

Describe the locashe of the guttural pouches in horses

Answer 6

Meet at midline ventrally. Moulded from the stylohioid bone that divides into the medial and lateral compartments.
Lining is associated with internal carotid artery, retropharyngeal lymph nodes and cranial nerves.

Question 7

What nerve innervates the larynx

Answer 7

vagus nerve

Question 8

What nerve innervates the larynx

Answer 8

vagus nerve

Question 9

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the mucosa rostral to the vocal fold

Answer 9

cranial laryngeal nerve

Question 10

which nerve provides motor function to structures rostral to the vocal fold

Answer 10

cranial laryngeal nerve

Question 11

What is the function of the larynx

Answer 11

phonation & articulation
closure during swallowing
sensory innervation for coughing

Question 12

Tell me about the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 12

positioned dorsally medial to the thyroid cartilages
Vocal fold from the vocal process
CAL and CAD from the muscular process
Hyaline + elastic cartilages

Question 13

Tell me about the cricoid cartilage

Answer 13

unpaired
forms a ring, that provides the dorsal roof of the larynx
hyaline cartilage

Question 14

Tell me about the thyroid cartilage

Answer 14

2x lateral plates meeting ventrally to form floor

Hyaline cartilage

Question 15

Tell me about the epiglottis

Answer 15

Most rostral unpaired cartilage, flexible elastic cartilage.

Question 16

explain the landmarks used in the surgical approach to the guttural pouch

Answer 16

Viborg’s triangle.

caudal border of the mandible 
sternocephalicus tendon 
linguofacial vein (most ventral)