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respiratory system > L18 Disease of Airways II > Flashcards

L18 Disease of Airways II Flashcards

1
Q

What are clinical signs of laryngeal disease

A

Dyspnoea, coughing, roaring, diminished airflow, inspiratory stridor, increased RR + effort

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2
Q

What are clinical signs of tracheal disease

A

Coughing

Dyspnoea

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3
Q

What are clinical signs of bronchitis

A

Dyspnoea @ expiration
Productive coughs
Wheeze & crackle on chest auscultation

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4
Q

What are clinical signs of bronchiolitis?

A

Often clinically silent as such a large percentage of bronchioles need to be occluded (huge #= less resistance overall)

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5
Q

What are common laryngeal malformations (+ species)

A

Hypoplasia of epiglottis (pigs + horses)
Subepiglottic mucosal cysts (horses)
Tracheal hypoplasia (component of BCS in dogs)

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6
Q

What are some common consequences of having a small epiglottis?

A

DDSP

entrapment

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7
Q

Which animals do you commonly see tracheal hypoplasia in?

A

BC dogs (they have smaller rings –> reduction in diameter)

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8
Q

Whats a scabbard trachea

A

laterally flattened into a slit (dogs + horses)

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9
Q

What does dysplasia or hypoplasia of the bronchial cartilage predispose to?

A

Bronchiectasis (permanent dilation)

Alveolar emphysema

Lung lobe torsion

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10
Q

What can cause acute laryngeal oedema?

A

Mainly acute laryngitis

Also, barking, trauma, irritants, severe dyspnoea

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11
Q

who is most at risk of laryngeal collapse

A

BC dogs like Laura

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12
Q

What is laryngeal hemiplegia ?

A

LRLN degen –> uni lateral paralysis –> inspiratory stridor

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13
Q

What can cause laryngitis and tracheitis?

A 
Viral- distemper, EHV
Bacto- kennel cough, influenza
Smoke 
parasites 
trauma 
necrosis, ulcers, erosions, fibrin
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14
Q

What is calf diphtheria

A

Nectrotic laryngitis in calves (fuso necrophorum)

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15
Q

What is honker syndrome?

A

Tracheal oedema + haemorrhage + tracheal stenosis – common in feedlots in hot weather

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16
Q

What causes tracheal collapse? who is it common in?

A

DV teacheal collapse due to a shit trachealis muscle. Old dogs.

17
Q

What will the prevalent inflammatory response be in a case of viral, fungal or aspiration bronchitis ?

A

fibrinonecrotising

18
Q

what will the predominant inflammatory response be in a case of parasitic or allergy bronchitis?

A

eosinophilic

+ SMC hyperplasia

19
Q

What structural changes can lead to airway obstruction bronchitis ?

A

Failure of MCC
Extra mucus
Epithelial hyperplasia (forms folds)

20
Q

What is bronhiectasis ?

A

Permanent bronchial dilation

21
Q

What causes bronchiectasis?

A

Chronic bronchitis exudate damages bronchial wall (SMC + cartilage) + necrosis/ squamous metaplasia of epithelium –> failed MCC –> pooling of exudates –> atelectasis.

Some bronchi dilate when adjacent lung parenchyma ventilates

22
Q

What species commonly get bronchiectasis?

A

cows w/ chronic bronchopenumina

horses w/ heaves

sheep/ goat/ pig w/ chronic parasitic load

23
Q

Why are distal bronchioles prone to injury? ?

A

their lil ciliated epithelium is vulnerable

They don’t have goblet cells

Steep decline in airflow velocity here so things lodge

No supporting cartilage

Club cells can generate toxic intermediate metabolites

24
Q

Which Dz’s is bronchiolitis commonly associated with

A

aerogenous pneumonias

an extension of bronchitis

25
Q

What are some viral causes of bronchiolitis

A 
equine adenovirus 
canine adenovirus 
canine distemper 
bovine coronavirus 
bovini parainfluenza
26
Q

What is a bacterial cause of bronchiolitis

A

mycoplasma spp

27
Q

Describe the aetiopathogenesis of heaves

A

affected animals stabled in poorly ventilated bards +/- poor quality hay +/- decomposing shavings

dust particles may contain Aspergillus or other fungal spores/ elements e.g. proteases, mycotoxins, mites, endotoxin)

Genetic component to Dz susceptibility is suspected

Inhalalation –> Neutron + mucus rich inflam of distal bronchioles. Chronic= lymphocytic-plasmacytic bronchiolitis, mucoid metaplasia, luminal mucus obstruction +/- 2ary emphysema

28
Q

What are the most common laryngeal tumour in dogs

A

squamous cell carcinoma

29
Q

What is the most common URT neoplasia of cats

A

lymphoma

respiratory system (26 decks)

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