L17 Disease of Airways Flashcards
how can URT defences be compromised?
impaired MCC, excessive mucus (coughing), chronic inflammation, toxin, infection, squamous metaplasia, ciliary dyskinesia.
What is a chemical defence part of the URT?
lactoferrin which binds Fe making it unavailable to bacteria
Lysozyme
B defensive peptides
Secretory IgA
Leukocytes
what is choanal atresia
when the choana canal stays closed due to failure of recanaliasation of the airways
Membrane b/w nose and nasopharynx
What is palatochisis
palatine shelves don’t fuse to nasal septum. Cant suck. Aspiration pneumonia. If chronic (adult) –> chronic rhinitis
What is chelioschisis
failure of lip fusion at philtrum
What are stenotic nares
nose cartilages that lack ridigity so collapse upon inspiration
what is a common cause of nasal congestion
bloat
what is a common cause of epistaxis
EIPH
progressive ethmoid haematoma
what is a common cause of rhinitis
bacterial, fungal
what is a sequelae of rhinitis
oedema + hyperaemia + exudation
timeframe for exudate is
serous > catarrhal > purulent
Describe the histological profile of serous edoema in a case of rhinitis
few leukocytes, hyperaemic, nasal mucosa histologically normal
Describe the histological profile of catarrhal rhinitis
hours- days
mucoid exudate, neutrophils, sloughing of exudate
Describe the histological profile of purulent rhinitis
neutrophilic, erosion, ulceration +/- occlusion
Which kinds of rhinitis tend to be persistent?
allergic and fungal
how is progressive fibrosis of the nasal submucosa a consequence of chronic rhinitis?
atrophy of submucosal seromucoid glands –> hyperplasia, +/- squamous metaplasia, polyps, destruction & atrophy of nasal turbinate bones, deviation of nasal septum, gross craniofacial deformity
What is lymphocytic- plasmacytic rhinitis and which species is it common in
Common in dogs. Associated with persistent mucopurulent nasal discharge. Submucosal infiltrates of lymphocytes + plasma cells. Triggered by antigen but self-sustains via dysregulation of local immune responses + ongoing cytokine release + recruitment of additional lymphocytes
What is Granulomatous/ Pyogranulomatous rhinitis
chronic leading to Accumulation submucosal macrophages –> +/- nodules
