L6 P1

Question 1

Metabolism means the total of all _____ _____ that occur in the body

Answer 1

Metabolism means the total of all energy transformations that occur in the body

Question 2

Anabolism means all chemical reactions that combine ______ _______ to form complex ones.

Answer 2

Anabolism means all chemical reactions that combine simple molecules to form complex ones.

Question 3

Catabolism is chemical reactions that breakdown complex breakdown ______ ______ to simpler ones

Answer 3

Catabolism is chemical reaction that breakdown complex breakdown complex molecules to simpler ones

Question 4

Reduction is the _____ of electrons

and usualy involves the additon of _______

Answer 4

addition

hydrogen

Question 5

Oxidation is the ______ of electrons

and usually involves the _____of electrons

Answer 5

removal

loss

Question 6

Oxidation Loss hydrogen atom is ______ to hydrogen _____ . What are the hydrogen carriers

1. ________ adenine _________ ( )
2. _________ adenine ________ ( )

Answer 6

transferred to hydrogen carrier

1. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
2. Flavin adenine dinuclrotide

Question 7

Gaining hydrogen means something is ______.
If we lose hydrogen it is called _________.

Do these 2 processes always happen in combination?

Answer 7

Reduced
Oxidation
yes

Question 8

ATP re-synthesis substrate phosphorylation (the creation of APT) is accomplished by the ______ ______ ______ (ATP - CP). and Glycolysis aka _________ repatriation.

OR Oxidative Phosphorylation
oxidative metabolization is metabolised via aerobic respiration.

Answer 8

creatine phosphate system

aerobic

Question 9

Creatine Phosphate system provides the energy needed for phosphorylation of _____ so quickly that ____ is restored almost ______

Answer 9

Creatine Phosphate system provides the energy needed for phosphorylation of ADP so quickly that ATP is restored almost Immediately

Question 10

Creatine Kinase reaction is ?

Answer 10

ADP + CP = ATP + C

Question 11

Creatine Phosphate is stored in the ________of muscle cells

Answer 11

Sarcoplasam

Question 12

The energetic advantage of greater creatine phosphate storage is ______by the increased inertia of ______required to move ______mass. aka heavier body.

Answer 12

The energetic advantage of greater creatine phosphate storage is offset by the increased inertia of energy required to move greater mass

Question 13

Glycolysis requires that ______ be present in the muscle cell

Answer 13

Glycolysis requires that Glucose be present in the muscle cell

Question 14

How can glucose arrive in the muscle cell?

1. From bloodstream from the ______ ______
2. bloodstream by breakdown of ______ in the liver
3. enter muscle cell via breakdown of ______ that is ____ ____ in the musce cell

Answer 14

small intestine
glycogen
glycogen, already in the muscle cell

Question 15

Where are GLUIT-1 Transporters found?
Emmbeded in the _________,
Primary entry during ____ _____ and when Blood glucose is _______

Answer 15

Sarcolemma,
resting periods
stable

Question 16

GLUIT-4 Transporters found
Inside the ______ in muscle cell
Primary entry with _____ or ____ blood glucose,
Activated by _______ and calcium (relesed when BLood glucose is ______ )

Answer 16

Vesicle
high or low blood glucose
insulin
high

Question 17

The sarcolemma is the muscle cell _____

Answer 17

membrane

Question 18

Glycolysis begins when ____ stores are ______.
Sustain 70% of max power for about _____ to __- seconds
Fast but _______use of ______.
Pyruvate is converted into _____ acid.
what is the dominant energy system in the 30-60 second range of 70 percent of max power?

Answer 18

CP, depleted
30-60 
fast but inefficient use of glucose 
lactic acid
Glycolysis

Question 19

Glycolysis pathway first step requires _____.
Step 3 has our second _____ hydrolyzed.
what is the catalyst enzyme in step 3?
Catalyst enzyme _________ (PFK )
What is the rate-limiting enzyme? _____
_____ activity is high when ADP concentration is high
when ____ activty is low, ______ forms ______.

Step 6: 2 hydrogen atoms are transfered to ______ reducing it to _______ +H

Step 11. if Oxygen is present H+ ions are transferred to _____, and to kreps cycle and Electron transport chian

Answer 19

ATP
2nd ATP
Phosphofructokinase 
PFK
PFK
when PFK activity is low glucose forms glycogen
NAD+ reducing it to NADH +H 

NAD

Question 20

NAD+ is a _____ _____

Answer 20

Hydrogen carrier

Question 21

where does the krebs cycle take place? where is the electron transport chain?

Answer 21

inside mitochondria

Question 22

Step 11. if Oxygen is present H+ ions are transferred to _____, and to kreps cycle and Electron transport chian. but if oxygen is absent H+ ions are transferred to pyruvic acid-forming _________ _____

Answer 22

pyruvic

lactic acid

Question 23

What catalyst enxyme changes pyruvic acid to lactic acid?

Answer 23

dehydrogenase

Question 24

Glycolysis lactic acid: When is it produced? Associated with High-intensity short-duration exercise BUT, _____ ____only condition for it to be produced.

Lactic acid is produced during _______ and is produced ______ of sufficient or insufficient o2

Answer 24

not the
glycolysis
regardless

Question 25

How is lactic acid cleared?
what is the primary method?
lactate produced in one muscle cell travels to a _____ ___ ____ where it is oxidized to _____ co2 h2o via ______ _______

Answer 25

Oxidation 
Glycogenesis/ glycogenesis 
transamination 
the primary method is oxidation 
different muscle cell, where it is oxidized to ATP, co2, and h2o via aerobic metabolism

Question 26

Glucogenesis and glycogenesis the the formation of ______ from non _____ substrates. 10/25 percent of lactic clearance.
transsumation occurs in the ____ _____ and involves the conversion of lactate into keto acids and ammino acids. minimal lactic acid clearnace (smallest ammount)

Answer 26

glucose
non glucose
muscle fibers.

Question 27

After 2 minutes ATP production from anaerobic metabolism _______.

Answer 27

decreases

Question 28

How do we maintain ATP production for continued exercise performance and replenishment of anaerobic systems

Answer 28

Aerobic metabolism of Carbohydrates.

Question 29

Aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates

1. Oxidation of pyruvate
2. Krebs cycle
3. Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 29

lqwd

Question 30

The enzyme catalyzing the oxidization of pyruvate is ?

Answer 30

pyruvate dehydrogenase

Question 31

if oxygen is present pyruvate enters the mitochondria via ____ _____

Answer 31

active transport.

Question 32

Oxidative phosphorylation 
is a \_\_\_\_\_ system but more \_\_\_\_\_ use of glucose 
maintain low \_\_\_\_\_\_for hours
waste = CO2+H2o
is \_\_\_\_\_\_ system 
kerbs remove \_\_\_\_ form substrates 
Electron transport chain produces \_\_\_\_

Answer 32

slower system but more efficent use of glucose 
maintain low powrr for hours
waste = CO2+H2o
Aerobic
kerbs remove H+ form substrates 
Electron transport chain produces ATP