L6 P1 Flashcards
Metabolism means the total of all _____ _____ that occur in the body
Metabolism means the total of all energy transformations that occur in the body
Anabolism means all chemical reactions that combine ______ _______ to form complex ones.
Anabolism means all chemical reactions that combine simple molecules to form complex ones.
Catabolism is chemical reactions that breakdown complex breakdown ______ ______ to simpler ones
Catabolism is chemical reaction that breakdown complex breakdown complex molecules to simpler ones
Reduction is the _____ of electrons
and usualy involves the additon of _______
addition
hydrogen
Oxidation is the ______ of electrons
and usually involves the _____of electrons
removal
loss
Oxidation Loss hydrogen atom is ______ to hydrogen _____ . What are the hydrogen carriers
- ________ adenine _________ ( )
- _________ adenine ________ ( )
transferred to hydrogen carrier
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
- Flavin adenine dinuclrotide
Gaining hydrogen means something is ______.
If we lose hydrogen it is called _________.
Do these 2 processes always happen in combination?
Reduced
Oxidation
yes
ATP re-synthesis substrate phosphorylation (the creation of APT) is accomplished by the ______ ______ ______ (ATP - CP). and Glycolysis aka _________ repatriation.
OR Oxidative Phosphorylation
oxidative metabolization is metabolised via aerobic respiration.
creatine phosphate system
aerobic
Creatine Phosphate system provides the energy needed for phosphorylation of _____ so quickly that ____ is restored almost ______
Creatine Phosphate system provides the energy needed for phosphorylation of ADP so quickly that ATP is restored almost Immediately
Creatine Kinase reaction is ?
ADP + CP = ATP + C
Creatine Phosphate is stored in the ________of muscle cells
Sarcoplasam
The energetic advantage of greater creatine phosphate storage is ______by the increased inertia of ______required to move ______mass. aka heavier body.
The energetic advantage of greater creatine phosphate storage is offset by the increased inertia of energy required to move greater mass
Glycolysis requires that ______ be present in the muscle cell
Glycolysis requires that Glucose be present in the muscle cell
How can glucose arrive in the muscle cell?
- From bloodstream from the ______ ______
- bloodstream by breakdown of ______ in the liver
- enter muscle cell via breakdown of ______ that is ____ ____ in the musce cell
small intestine
glycogen
glycogen, already in the muscle cell
Where are GLUIT-1 Transporters found?
Emmbeded in the _________,
Primary entry during ____ _____ and when Blood glucose is _______
Sarcolemma,
resting periods
stable
GLUIT-4 Transporters found
Inside the ______ in muscle cell
Primary entry with _____ or ____ blood glucose,
Activated by _______ and calcium (relesed when BLood glucose is ______ )
Vesicle
high or low blood glucose
insulin
high
The sarcolemma is the muscle cell _____
membrane
Glycolysis begins when ____ stores are ______.
Sustain 70% of max power for about _____ to __- seconds
Fast but _______use of ______.
Pyruvate is converted into _____ acid.
what is the dominant energy system in the 30-60 second range of 70 percent of max power?
CP, depleted 30-60 fast but inefficient use of glucose lactic acid Glycolysis
Glycolysis pathway first step requires _____.
Step 3 has our second _____ hydrolyzed.
what is the catalyst enzyme in step 3?
Catalyst enzyme _________ (PFK )
What is the rate-limiting enzyme? _____
_____ activity is high when ADP concentration is high
when ____ activty is low, ______ forms ______.
Step 6: 2 hydrogen atoms are transfered to ______ reducing it to _______ +H
Step 11. if Oxygen is present H+ ions are transferred to _____, and to kreps cycle and Electron transport chian
ATP 2nd ATP Phosphofructokinase PFK PFK when PFK activity is low glucose forms glycogen NAD+ reducing it to NADH +H
NAD
NAD+ is a _____ _____
Hydrogen carrier
where does the krebs cycle take place? where is the electron transport chain?
inside mitochondria
Step 11. if Oxygen is present H+ ions are transferred to _____, and to kreps cycle and Electron transport chian. but if oxygen is absent H+ ions are transferred to pyruvic acid-forming _________ _____
pyruvic
lactic acid
What catalyst enxyme changes pyruvic acid to lactic acid?
dehydrogenase
Glycolysis lactic acid: When is it produced? Associated with High-intensity short-duration exercise BUT, _____ ____only condition for it to be produced.
Lactic acid is produced during _______ and is produced ______ of sufficient or insufficient o2
not the
glycolysis
regardless
How is lactic acid cleared?
what is the primary method?
lactate produced in one muscle cell travels to a _____ ___ ____ where it is oxidized to _____ co2 h2o via ______ _______
Oxidation Glycogenesis/ glycogenesis transamination the primary method is oxidation different muscle cell, where it is oxidized to ATP, co2, and h2o via aerobic metabolism
Glucogenesis and glycogenesis the the formation of ______ from non _____ substrates. 10/25 percent of lactic clearance.
transsumation occurs in the ____ _____ and involves the conversion of lactate into keto acids and ammino acids. minimal lactic acid clearnace (smallest ammount)
glucose
non glucose
muscle fibers.
After 2 minutes ATP production from anaerobic metabolism _______.
decreases
How do we maintain ATP production for continued exercise performance and replenishment of anaerobic systems
Aerobic metabolism of Carbohydrates.
Aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates
- Oxidation of pyruvate
- Krebs cycle
- Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation
lqwd
The enzyme catalyzing the oxidization of pyruvate is ?
pyruvate dehydrogenase
if oxygen is present pyruvate enters the mitochondria via ____ _____
active transport.
Oxidative phosphorylation is a \_\_\_\_\_ system but more \_\_\_\_\_ use of glucose maintain low \_\_\_\_\_\_for hours waste = CO2+H2o is \_\_\_\_\_\_ system kerbs remove \_\_\_\_ form substrates Electron transport chain produces \_\_\_\_
slower system but more efficent use of glucose maintain low powrr for hours waste = CO2+H2o Aerobic kerbs remove H+ form substrates Electron transport chain produces ATP
