Cells (Lecture 1) Flashcards
Prototypical Cell contains?
Plasma (Cell) Memebrane
The Plasma Membrane has a ____border and is ______ permeable.
thin,
selectively
The plasma membrane has a what surrounding it/what is it made of?
a phospholipid bilayer
The Phospholipid bilayer has a ______ tail and a _____ head
hydrophobic,
hydrophilic
The cell is the smallest ______ _____that can preform all vital functions
structural unit
The plasma membrane molecular components include: ________and_________ some with _______ groups attached
proteins and cholesterol,
carbohydrate
Passive transport basic definition is? The movement of substances across a __________ _______ without the requirement of __________
cell membrane,
energy.
Somatic Cells include what cells in the body?
all non sex cells
Sex cells are called?
Germ and reproductive (Sperm and oocyte)
The plasma membrane but is what type(s) of barrier? (physical or chemical?)
BOTH physical and chemical
CHECK NOTES KNOW WHAT PLAZMA MEMBRANE STRUCTURES ARE AND WHERE THEY ARE
:)
What type of transport is diffusion
passive
diffusion: Define simple diffusion.
Diffusion is the passage of small ____ _______ substances across the cell membrane down its _____ ______
non polar
concentration gradient
describe simple diffusion.
the passage of small non polar substances across the cell membrane down their concentration gradient
Describe Facilitated diffusion HINT… substances cross with the help of proteins such as_______ _______ and_______ ________
channel proteins
carrier proteins
Describe channel proteins
Chanel proteins mildly discriminate between their cargo based on ______ and _______
size and charge
Describe carrier proteins *
Often they only allow ____ type of molecule to _____ the cell _____
one
cross
membrane
Describe Osmosis
The _______ of water to equalize its own _________
Diffusion
concentration
Osmosis occurs when the membrane is permeable to ______ but not _______
water
solutes
The cytoplasm is a nonspecific term for all materials between the_____ membrane and the __________
plasma
nucleus
The cytoplasm contains? The cytosol , ______ and ________
cytoskeleton and organelles
What is the cytosol? what is it made of?
________fluid that is 70-95 percent ______ plus dissolved and suspended components like_____ ______ ______ and _____ _____
Intracellular fluid
water
ions proteins carbs and amino acids
what form of transport is Endocytosis? Describe its action
it is a type of______ ______ transport. The cell ________ extracellular materials using its _____ _______
active vesicular
envelops
cell membrane
What from of transport is Exocytosis?
_____ _______ transport.
The membrane of the vesicle _____ with the cell membrane and the contents are ______ into the extracellular ____
Active vesicular
fuses
released/ejected
space
Cytoskeleton is a network of what?
Protein filaments throughout the cytosol
Name the filaments in the cytosol
_______ _______ and intermediate _______
Microtubules,
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Describe the Microtubule filament in the cytosol
it is _____. It ______ cell shape. It ______ compression, makes up _____ and flagella
Thicker,
maintains,
resist ,
cilia
Describe the Microfilament in the cytosol
it is _____.
Its Primary component is _____
Thinner,
actin (protein that forms chains)
Describe the intermediate filament in the cytosol
______ thickness.
Made up form the protein _______
Middle thickness,
keratin
Name the 3 organelles the cytoplasm contains
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Describe the cytoplasm organelle: The ER
is a network of thin _______ _____ found in a close association with the cell _____
membranous sacks
nucleolus
Describe the cytoplasm organelle: The Rough ER
studded with numerous ________ witch are sites of ____ _____
ribosomes
protein synthesis.
Describe the cytoplasm organelle: The Smooth ER
Synthesizes _________ and steroid hormones regulates the concentration of cellular _____, it also metabolizes _____ and breaks down _____
phospholipids,
Ca++,
carbs
toxins
Describe the cytoplasm organelle: The Lysosomes
Contains enzymes that break down and digest unneeded cellular components including damaged organelles
Describe the cytoplasm organelle: The Mitochondria
inner and outer lipid bilayer
site of Aerobic TP production
in what cells is the in what tissues is the mitochondria present
metabolically active tissues such as muscle and nerve tissue
The function and contents of the Nucleus
the cells control center,
contains genetic material that determines the structure and function of the cell
Hypotonic concentration has what concentration of solutes?
a lower concentration of solutes
When cells devide and multiply in the embryo and change in shape and structure the process is called?
differentiation
when cells divide and multiply in the embryo and change in shape and structure, the process is called
Differentiation
in the cell cycle witch phase follows 5 phase or Dna replication?
G2 phase or Protein synthesis
