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Kin 1131 > L5 p1 > Flashcards

L5 p1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac muscle ____ ____ throughout the body, , smooth muscle _____ ____ substances ____ the body in blood vessels and _____ _____.

A

propels substances
also moves, throughout
digestive organs

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2
Q

Producing body movements and stabilizing positions is produced by _____ ____ tissue.

A

skeletal

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3
Q

Storage things in the body are facilitated by ____ _____ and these muscles also help propel things throughout the body.

A

skeletal muscles

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4
Q

Skeletal muscle produces the most ____ in the body.

A

heat

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5
Q

Muscle functions

  1. ______ body movements
  2. Stabilizing ____ ______
  3. Storing and moving ____ within the _____
  4. generating _______
A

producing
body positions
substances, body
heat

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6
Q 
Muscle properties
1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_excitability 
2.
3
4
A

electrical excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

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7
Q

Cardiac Muscle is
involuntary and has Authorhythmicity what does this mean?….. What special cells exist in the heart that exhibit this property?…..
It also has a greater _____ on _____

A

Involuntary refers to the autonomic division of the nervous system.
Authorhythmicity refers to the ability to contract without the nervous system.
The pacemakers in the heart exhibit this property

dependence on oxygen

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8
Q

How does the cardiac system contract without NS assistance?

A

spontaneous depolarization of the SA node (primary pacemakers)

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9
Q

How does cardiac muscle look?
They look _______ and _______with striations however cardiac muscle has a ______ less ________ look that is lighter than skeletal muscle.

A

How does cardiac muscle look?
They look straight and branched with striations however cardiac muscle has a looser less organized look that is lighter than skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle has more of this specific membrane-bound organelle: _______. this makes cardiac muscle more _____

A

mitochondria

aerobic

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11
Q

Smooth muscles look is very much like a _____. This mass has very few ______.
Its action is controlled ________
has no ______, sarcoplasmic recticulum contacts _______.
No ________, intermidate _______ attach to densce bodies instead

A

blob, Striations
t-tubes, sarcolemma

ono sarcomeres, filaments

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12
Q

Skeletal Muscle smallest components are the ______.

what types are there? What are the secondary names for those 2 types?

A

filaments
Actin and Myosin
Actin = Thin
Myosin = Thick

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13
Q

A sarcomere is the entirety of the _______ in-between the _____ discs.

A

fillaments,

z

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14
Q

A sarcomere is the entirety of the _______ in-between the _____ discs.

A

filaments,

z

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15
Q

Sarcomere lined up and bundled together makes a ______, the second smallest group of Skeletal muscle anatomy

A

Myofibril

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16
Q

A muscle fiber (cell) contains a______ witch contains _______ witch is composed of ________

A

myofibrils, Sarcomere,

filaments

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17
Q

A group of muscle fibers (cells) is called a ______

A

fascicle

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18
Q

a group of fascicles is called a ______

A

muscle

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19
Q

Surrounding each muscle cells (fibers) is something called the _______ which is the muscle cell’s _____.
Surrounding the sarcolemma there is a

A

sarcolemma, membrane

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20
Q

the sarcolemma surrounds muscle cells(fibers) what in turn surrounds the sarcolemma? when all these things are viewed together what is the name for the group of muscle-related cells, and structures?

A

the Endomysium

the Fasicle

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21
Q

the sarcolemma surrounds muscle cells(fibers) the sarcolemma is surrounded by the Endomysium witch forms the Fascicle. when a group of muscle fibers are bundled together, individually they are covered by ________ this forms but what connective tissue surrounds the entirety of the multiple bundled muscle fibers??

A

Endomysium

the perimysium

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22
Q

what direction do fibers run in an individual Fascicle?

A

parallel

23
Q

a group of bundled Fascicles is surrounded by the ______ witch is a ____ _____.
One of the properties of the aforementioned tissue is that it _____ _____ the _____ of the muscle

A

epimysium, connective tissue.

extends beyond the length of the

24
Q

a group of bundled Fascicles is surrounded by the ______ witch is a ____ _____.
One of the properties of the aforementioned tissue is that it _____ _____ the _____ of the muscle. This muscle attachment type is _______.

A

epimysium, connective tissue.
extends beyond the length of the
indirect

25
Q

aponeurosis is connective tissue thart is _____ _____ like______ tendon, unlike directly attached tendon witch is ____ ____

A

flat, sheet-like

Rope like

26
Q

Muscle attachments
Direct is where _______ is fused to _____ or ______

Indirect is:

A

epimysium os fused to periosteum o perichondrium

27
Q

periosteum and perichondrium

A 
periosteum = outer layer of bone connective tissue 
perichondrium = outer connective tissue of cartilage
28
Q

The different Fascicle arrangements

1. Parallel: Parallel to the ________axis of muscle, they terminate on either _____ in ______ tendons.

A

The different Fascicle arrangements

1. Parallel: Parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle, terminate on either end in flat tendons.

29
Q

The different Fascicle arrangements
2. Fusiform: Fascles nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle, it terminates in ___ ______, muscle tapers towards tendons where the diameter is less than at belly giving the muscle ____ ____ _____ ____.
an example if this muscle is your _________

A
  1. Fusiform: Fascles nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of muscle, terminates in flat tendons, muscle tapers towards tendons where the diameter is less than at belly giving the muscle a more bulged middle
    hamstrings
30
Q

The different Fascicle arrangements

3. Circular: Fascicles in _____ ______ arrangments form _____ muscles that enclose an orifice.

A

concentric circular

sphincter

31
Q

The different Fascicle arrangements
4. Triangular: Fascicles spread over a broad area like a _______that converge at a ____ ______ tendon.
Give an example of this muscle: ____ ____.

A
  1. Triangular: Fascicles spread over a broad area like a fishtail that converge at a thick central tendon.
    Pectoralis Major
32
Q

The different Fascicle arrangements

5. The Pennate’s/Unipennate: Fascicles arranged only on ____ _____ of the tendon/// looks like a _______ or _____.

A
  1. The Pennate’s/Unipennate: Fascicles arranged only on one side of the tendon/// looks like a musket or paddle
33
Q

The different Fascicle arrangements:
6. The Pennate’s/Bipennate: Fascicles are arranged on ________ of _______ positioned tendons.
An example of this muscle type is _____ ______

A

Fascicles are arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons.

Rectus femorus

34
Q

You can identify Pennates by the _____ _____ present in all 3 types.

A

long tendon

35
Q

The different Fascicle arrangements:
7. The Pennates/Multipennate: Fascicles attach _______ from _____ directions in _____ tendons. An example of this muscle type in the body is the ______

A
  1. The Pennates/Multipennate: Fascicles attach obliquely from many directions in several tendons.
    deltoid
36
Q

ROM in terms of Fascicle means the degree/amount of _____ which a muscle can shorten. Ex a Fusiform muscle has a greater ROM than a Triangular because the fibers can _____ ____ __ _____ ______.

A

distance

contract over a greater range.

37
Q

Why do some muscles shorten less than others?

because an increased Pennation angle results in ____ ____ of the ____ muscle.

A

decreased shortening of the whole muscle

38
Q

Muscle fibers(cell)s Myofibrils are surrounded by a membranous network known as _______ ____(__) The bulged sections of this . are known as ____ _____.

A 
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (S.R)
terminal cisternae/cisterns
39
Q

Microscopic Anatomy
myofibrils have the external sarcolemma covering ___ _____ and create tubes that enter into the ____ of the cell, these are called __-______.

The Triad is the _____ _______ (_-_______) and the terminal cisterns

A

folds inwards
interior
T-Tubules (Transverse Tublules)
Transverse tubules (T-tubules)

40
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

Muscle cells you can see mitochondria and the nuclei because muscle cells are ____ _____

A

multi-nucleated

41
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

What is the Significance of the Terminal cisternae of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Store Ca2+

42
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

T tubule proteins have_____ _______ that signal release of _____from terminal cisternae.

A

voltage sensors

Ca2+

43
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

Myosin Proteins have ___ parts they are?

A

2,

Tail and the head

44
Q

Microscopic Anatomy
Myosin Proteins have a tail and head
the tail has2 ______ heavy polypeptide ____

A

interwoven

chains

45
Q

Microscopic Anatomy
Myosin Proteins have a tail and head, and const of
2 _____ polypeptide chains. with binding sites for ____. These binding sites serve as enzyme ATPase, this enzyme ______ ATP.

A

light
ATP
Hydrolyzes

46
Q

Microscopic Anatomy
Actin Proteins have ___ types
What are they?
What do they do?

A 
2
Fibrous actin (F actin)
G Actin 
F actin is composed of globular actin subunits G actin 
G actin active sites for myosin
47
Q

Microscopic Anatomy
The G actin is the _____ _____ for the attachment for myosin. it looks like a little ________(depending on diagram color many very

A

active site

blueberry

48
Q

Microscopic Anatomy
What are the regulatory proteins on the thin filament? What do they do and what d they look like?
___ ____ the active sites for the myosin. Looks like a thin _____.

A

Tropomyosin and Troponin
cover-up
strand

49
Q

Troponin has _____ binding sites.
Troponin has to hold _______ and ______ together. in total it has 3 binding sites. what is the 3rd?
Where is the calcium stored?

A

multiple
Tropomyosin and Actin together
Calcium
terminal cisternae of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

50
Q

Name the 2 contractile proteins in Microscopic muscle anatomy

A

Actin and Myosin

51
Q

Microscopic anatomy structural proteins are? ____ _____. this is an elastic protein between the z disc and the ____ of the distal filament closest to it.

The second structural protein is _-_____.
This second Structural protein attaches to the _-Discs witch, in turn, attaches to the actin molecules of ____ filaments and to Titin molecules.

The Third Structural Protein is _____.
This Structural protein forms a ___ line of sarcomere; binds to titin molecules and connects adjacent ____- filaments to one and other

The Forth Structural Protein is Nebulin
this Structural protein ____ ____ ___ ____ ____ of each filament; Helps _____ thin filaments to Z Discs and regulates ____ of thin filaments during development.

The fifth Structural Protein is Dystrophin.
This protein links thin filaments of the sarcomere to integral membrane proteins of the _______. ……. they help _____ sarcolemma and help transmit ____ generated by sarcomeres tendons

A

1Titin filaments
end of the distal fillament

2a-Actinin
attaches to the Z-Discs
thin filaments

3Myomesin filaments
M line of Sacromere;
connects adjacent thick filaments

4wraps around the entire length
helps anchor thin filaments
length of thin filaments

5 proteins of the sarcolemma
reinforce sarcolemma
transmit tension

52
Q

Components of a Sarcomere: name them and their functions:

  1. __ ____ are Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense material that ____ one _____ from the next
  2. ___ _____ are the dark, _____part of Sarcomere and they extend the entire length of _____ filaments and include those parts of thin filaments that ____ thick filaments.
  3. __ _____ are the lighter, less dense area of sarcomere that contains the ____ of ____ filaments WITH ____ thick filaments. A Z disc passes through the ___ of each ___ band.
  4. _ ____ are the Narrow region in the ____ of each A Band that contains ____filaments but no ____ filaments
  5. ___ ____ is the region in the ____ of ___ ___.
    This Zone contains proteins that hold ___ ____ together at the _____ of the sacromere.
A

Z Discs: are Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense material that separate one sarcomere from the next.

A bands: are the dark middle part of sarcomere and they extend the entire length of the thick filaments and include those parts of the thin filaments that wrap around thick filaments.

I Bands: are the lighter less dense area of the sarcomere that contains the remainder of thin filaments WITH no thick filaments. A Z Disc passes through the center of each I Band

H Zones are the narrow regions in the center of each A band that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments.

M Line is the region in the middle of the H Zone.
this zone contains proteins that hold thick filaments together at the center of the sarcomere

53
Q

Why is the A band the Darkest of all regions in the Sarcomere?

A

contains actin and myosin

Kin 1131 (42 decks)

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