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اساسيات التغذية > L6 > Flashcards

L6 Flashcards

1
Q

Health status is determined by;

A

genetics (30%),
health care (10%),
social & environmental conditions and behavior (60%)

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2
Q

is what we eat, while nutrition is what we get from the things we eat (what our cells and tissues actually receive).

A

Diet

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3
Q

is important to stay alive while nutrition determines how healthy you will be while you are alive.

A

Diet

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4
Q

(arise from microbial cause):

A

Infectious diseases

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5
Q

Nutrition can’t directly cure or prevent infectious diseases.

True or false ?

A

True

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6
Q

Good nutrition defend against pathogens everyday.

True or false?

A

True

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7
Q

Some have inherited susceptibility to diseases.

ايش يعني؟
A

البعض عندهم حساسية وراثية للمرض

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8
Q

Immune strengthening foods, dietary supplements and herbs are hoaxes.
ايش مكتوب

A

الاطعمة المقوية للمناعة مجرد خدعة

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9
Q

arise from multiple factors

A

Chronic diseases

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10
Q

Control of chronic diseases are possible to some extent

صح ولا خطا

A

صح

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11
Q

Nutrition can inhibit or advance development of chronic
diseases.
صح ولا خطا

A

صح

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12
Q

There are non modifiable factors in Chronic diseases

صح ولا خطا

A

صح

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13
Q

Contagious
Acute (fast/short)
Pathogens
Often curable

A

Infectious disease

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14
Q

Can be eradicated
Evolve & mute quickly
Effective immune response
Poor communities

A

Infectious disease

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15
Q

Not contagious
Chronic (slow/permanent)
Genetics/health habits
Typically incurable

A

Chronic disease

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16
Q

Can’t be eradicated
Never changing
Ineffective immune response
Rich communities

A

Chronic disease

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17
Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet high in sugars

A

DM-2, obesity

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18
Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet high in salts

A

Cancer, HTN

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19
Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet high in saturated/trans fat

A

Cancer, HTN, DM -2, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

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20
Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet low in fruits, veg, fibers

A

Cancer, DM -2, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

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21
Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet low in vitamins/mineral

A

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis,

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22
Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Excessive alcohol intake

A

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

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23
Q

Other Risk Factors of Diseases

Age

A

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis, Stroke

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24
Q

Other Risk Factors of Diseases

Environmental contaminants

A

Cancer

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25
Q

Other Risk Factors of Diseases

Genetics

A

Cancer, HTN, DM -2, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

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26
Q

Other Risk Factors of Diseases

Sedentary lifestyle

A

Cancer, DM -2, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

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27
Q

Other Risk Factors of Diseases

Smoking and tobacco use

A

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis, Stroke

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28
Q

Other Risk Factors of Diseases

Stress

A

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis, Stroke

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29
Q

The function of the heart is to pump (circulate) blood throughout the body

صح ولا غطا

A

صح

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30
Q

Pumping blood through the lungs removes oxygen and refreshes the blood with carbon dioxide.

صح ولا خطا

A

خطا

Pumping blood through the lungs removes carbon dioxide and refreshes the blood with oxygen.

31
Q

The oxygenated blood is pumped to the body to provide
………..and ………… and to remove waste products.

A

oxygen and nutrients

32
Q

are the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart (cardiac) muscle.

A

The coronary arteries

33
Q

If coronary arteries become blocked, cardiac muscle begins to fail and blood circulation to heart muscle itself will decrease

(……………………….., …………………………)??

A

(Myocardial infarction- MI, Angina)

34
Q

All the Risk Factors for the Heart can be Modifiable ?

A

False

35
Q

-Major Risk Factors for the Heart

High blood LDL cholesterol
Low blood HDL cholesterol
High blood pressure (HTN)
Diabetes (DM)
Obesity

Modifiable or not ?

A

Modifiable (lifestyle) factors

36
Q

-Major Risk Factors for the Heart

Physical inactivity
Smoking & alcohol consumption
Unhealthy diet (↑ saturated fat or↓ vegetables, fruits and whole grains)
Stress and anger

Modifiable or not ?

A

Modifiable (lifestyle) factors

37
Q

-Major Risk Factors for the Heart

•Increasing Age
•Gender
•Genetic inheritance (family history)
•Race (ethnicity)

Modifiable or not ?

A

Non-modifiable factors

38
Q

 Get regular medical checkups.
 Control blood pressure.
 Check blood glucose level.
 Check blood cholesterol level.
 Avoid smoking and alcohol intake.
 Exercise regularly (physical activity).
 Maintain the body weight (weight reduction).
 Eat healthy balanced diet.
 Sodium restriction
 Manage stress.
 Sleep well.

A

Prevention (Lifestyle Modification for Chronic Diseases)

39
Q

EXTERNAL STIMULUS (CARCINOGENS ) + NORMAL CELLS
= ??

A

ABNORMAL CANCER CELL

40
Q

CAUSE

-Chemicals
-Excess energy (macronutrients) especially unsaturated fats
-Viruses
-Radiation
-Limited antioxidants, other nutrients, and nonnutrients

All of the above lead to ???

A

1-INITIATION
2-PROMOTION
3-PROGRESSION
4-MALIGNANT NEOPLASM (CANCER)

41
Q

1-INITIATION
2-PROMOTION
3-PROGRESSION
4-MALIGNANT NEOPLASM (CANCER)

((Carcinogenesis))

A

ترتيب عملية بدا السرطان

42
Q

Carcinogenesis

ايش يعني

A

عملية بدا الخلايا السرطانية

43
Q

Metastasis

A

انتشار الخلايا السرطانيه

44
Q

Prevention of cancer

How can you help yourself?

A

-Do not use tobacco

Follow a healthy diet

45
Q

Some foods are linked to cancer ?

صح ولا خطا

A

صح ولكن ليس بطريقة مباشرة

46
Q

carcinogenic
ايش يعني

A

شي يسبب السرطان

47
Q

Processed meats (preserved by curing, salting or smoking, or by adding chemical preservatives) as bacon, sausages, hot dogs, pepperoni, etc.

اشبها الاشياء الي ذكرناها فوق

A

carcinogenic

تسبب سرطان بطريقة غير مباشره

48
Q

• Salted fish (Chinese style).
• Burned or heavily barbecued foods.
• Red meat including beef, pork, lamb, goat, etc.
• Hot beverages above 65°C.
• Polluted water.

اشبها الاشياء الي ذكرناها فوق

A

carcinogenic

تسبب سرطان بطريقة غير مباشره

49
Q

When body metabolizes alcohol → acetaldehyde → may damage DNA → may lead to cancer.

صح ولا خطا

A

صح

50
Q

Alcohol

Increases risk of cancer in mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver and breast in women.

صح ولا. خطا

A

صح

51
Q

Combined use of alcohol and tobacco greatly increases risk compared to drinking or smoking alone.

ترجم المكتوب

A

الاستخدام المشترك للكحول والتبغ يزيد بشكل كبير من المخاطر مقارنة بالشرب أو التدخين وحده.

52
Q

Body is not producing insulin or has lost sensitivity to insulin.

A

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

53
Q

is a hormone secreted by pancreas needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy.

A

Insulin

54
Q

body does not produce any insulin or not enough.

A

Type I-DM

55
Q

body cells looses sensitivity to insulin made.

A

Type II-DM

56
Q

occurs during pregnancy.

A

Gestational diabetes

57
Q

ايش الخلايا الي تفرز الاونسلين

A

BETA CELLs

58
Q

Hyperglycemia
Obesity
Diet
Medication
Hereditary
Aging process
Physical inactivit
Increased free fatty acid

Causes of ??

A

insulin resistance

Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes

59
Q

To manage your blood glucose, you need to balance what you eat/drink with physical activity and diabetes medicine.

A

True

60
Q

Pressure during systole (contraction of the heart

A

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

61
Q

Pressure during diastole (relaxation of the heart)

A

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

62
Q

Normal range Blood Pressure

A

Normal range:
 (SBP 100 – 120 mmHg)
 (DBP 60 – 80mmHg)

63
Q

a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart attack, DM and stroke.

A

Hypertensionis

64
Q

age, genetics (FH), obesity, salt intake, alcohol and dietary factors.

A

Risk factors to Hypertension include

65
Q

 Eat a healthy diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy and limit foods high in saturated/trans fat.
 Reduce sodium (salt) in your diet.
 Consider food rich in potassium to lessen the effects of sodium on blood pressure as fruits and vegetables.
 Limit processed and spicy foods.
 Avoid smoking and alcohol intake, limit caffeine.
 Monitor what you eat, how much, when and why.
 Read food labels when shopping, stick to healthy-eating plan.

A

Diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)

66
Q

DASH

A

A lifelong approach to healthy eating designed to help treat or prevent hypertension.

67
Q

Is a bone disease in which boneslose minerals as calcium, become weak, fragile and break easily.

A

Osteoporosis

68
Q

Strong bones support us and allow us to move, protect our heart, lungs, brain and other organs from trauma.

A

True

69
Q

Bones are a storehouse for vital minerals.

ترجم

A

العظام هي المكان التخزيني للمعادن

70
Q

Low bone mass and deterioration of bone structure.

Increased risk for women, post-menopausal, over age 65

A

Osteoporosis

71
Q

Osteoporosis Is Preventable and treatable
صح ولا خطا

A

صح

72
Q

After mid-30’s, you begin to slowly lose bone mass.
صح ولا خطا

A

صح

73
Q

Osteoporosis and Diet
 Important to keep a well-balanced diet with plenty of dairy, fish, fruits and vegetables that are rich in calcium, vitamins D, C, and K, potassium, magnesium and zinc.
 Dairy as low-fat and non-fat milk, yogurt and cheese.
 Fish as sardines, salmon (with bones), mackerel and tuna.
 Vegetables (dark green leafy) as spinach, broccoli, cabbage, kale, collard green, mustard green, turnip green, beet green, tomato, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peppers, etc.
 Fruits as papaya, orange, grapefruit, banana, pineapple, prune, strawberry, blueberry, etc.
 Limit wheat bran, processed food, canned food, salt, soda, coffee, tea and alcohol.

اقراوها بس

A

اساسيات التغذية (9 decks)

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