L6 Flashcards by YAZAN SHAHAT

Q

Health status is determined by;

A

genetics (30%),
health care (10%),
social & environmental conditions and behavior (60%)

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Q

is what we eat, while nutrition is what we get from the things we eat (what our cells and tissues actually receive).

A

Diet

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Q

is important to stay alive while nutrition determines how healthy you will be while you are alive.

A

Diet

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Q

(arise from microbial cause):

A

Infectious diseases

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Q

Nutrition can’t directly cure or prevent infectious diseases.

True or false ?

A

True

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Q

Good nutrition defend against pathogens everyday.

True or false?

A

True

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Q

Some have inherited susceptibility to diseases.

ايش يعني؟

A

البعض عندهم حساسية وراثية للمرض

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Q

Immune strengthening foods, dietary supplements and herbs are hoaxes.
ايش مكتوب

A

الاطعمة المقوية للمناعة مجرد خدعة

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Q

arise from multiple factors

A

Chronic diseases

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Q

Control of chronic diseases are possible to some extent

صح ولا خطا

A

صح

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Q

Nutrition can inhibit or advance development of chronic
diseases.
صح ولا خطا

A

صح

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Q

There are non modifiable factors in Chronic diseases

صح ولا خطا

A

صح

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Q

Contagious
Acute (fast/short)
Pathogens
Often curable

A

Infectious disease

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Q

Can be eradicated
Evolve & mute quickly
Effective immune response
Poor communities

A

Infectious disease

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Q

Not contagious
Chronic (slow/permanent)
Genetics/health habits
Typically incurable

A

Chronic disease

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Q

Can’t be eradicated
Never changing
Ineffective immune response
Rich communities

A

Chronic disease

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Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet high in sugars

A

DM-2, obesity

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Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet high in salts

A

Cancer, HTN

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Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet high in saturated/trans fat

A

Cancer, HTN, DM -2, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

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Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet low in fruits, veg, fibers

A

Cancer, DM -2, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

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Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Diet low in vitamins/mineral

A

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis,

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Q

Dietary Risk Factors of Diseases

Excessive alcohol intake

A

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

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Q

Other Risk Factors of Diseases

Age

A

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis, Stroke

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Q

Other Risk Factors of Diseases

Environmental contaminants

A

Cancer

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Other Risk Factors of Diseases Genetics

Cancer, HTN, DM -2, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

Other Risk Factors of Diseases Sedentary lifestyle

Cancer, DM -2, Atheroscl erosis, Obesity, Stroke

Other Risk Factors of Diseases Smoking and tobacco use

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis, Stroke

Other Risk Factors of Diseases Stress

Cancer, HTN, Atheroscl erosis, Stroke

The function of the heart is to pump (circulate) blood throughout the body صح ولا غطا

صح

Pumping blood through the lungs removes oxygen and refreshes the blood with carbon dioxide. صح ولا خطا

خطا Pumping blood through the lungs removes carbon dioxide and refreshes the blood with oxygen.

The oxygenated blood is pumped to the body to provide ………..and ………… and to remove waste products.

oxygen and nutrients

are the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart (cardiac) muscle.

The coronary arteries

If coronary arteries become blocked, cardiac muscle begins to fail and blood circulation to heart muscle itself will decrease (……………………….., …………………………)??

(Myocardial infarction- MI, Angina)

All the Risk Factors for the Heart can be Modifiable ?

False

-Major Risk Factors for the Heart High blood LDL cholesterol Low blood HDL cholesterol High blood pressure (HTN) Diabetes (DM) Obesity Modifiable or not ?

Modifiable (lifestyle) factors

-Major Risk Factors for the Heart Physical inactivity Smoking & alcohol consumption Unhealthy diet (↑ saturated fat or↓ vegetables, fruits and whole grains) Stress and anger Modifiable or not ?

Modifiable (lifestyle) factors

-Major Risk Factors for the Heart •Increasing Age •Gender •Genetic inheritance (family history) •Race (ethnicity) Modifiable or not ?

Non-modifiable factors

 Get regular medical checkups.  Control blood pressure.  Check blood glucose level.  Check blood cholesterol level.  Avoid smoking and alcohol intake.  Exercise regularly (physical activity).  Maintain the body weight (weight reduction).  Eat healthy balanced diet.  Sodium restriction  Manage stress.  Sleep well.

Prevention (Lifestyle Modification for Chronic Diseases)

EXTERNAL STIMULUS (CARCINOGENS ) + NORMAL CELLS = ??

ABNORMAL CANCER CELL

CAUSE -Chemicals -Excess energy (macronutrients) especially unsaturated fats -Viruses -Radiation -Limited antioxidants, other nutrients, and nonnutrients All of the above lead to ???

1-INITIATION 2-PROMOTION 3-PROGRESSION 4-MALIGNANT NEOPLASM (CANCER)

1-INITIATION 2-PROMOTION 3-PROGRESSION 4-MALIGNANT NEOPLASM (CANCER) ((Carcinogenesis))

ترتيب عملية بدا السرطان

Carcinogenesis ايش يعني

عملية بدا الخلايا السرطانية

Metastasis

انتشار الخلايا السرطانيه

Prevention of cancer How can you help yourself?

-Do not use tobacco Follow a healthy diet

Some foods are linked to cancer ? صح ولا خطا

صح ولكن ليس بطريقة مباشرة

carcinogenic ايش يعني

شي يسبب السرطان

Processed meats (preserved by curing, salting or smoking, or by adding chemical preservatives) as bacon, sausages, hot dogs, pepperoni, etc. اشبها الاشياء الي ذكرناها فوق

carcinogenic تسبب سرطان بطريقة غير مباشره

• Salted fish (Chinese style). • Burned or heavily barbecued foods. • Red meat including beef, pork, lamb, goat, etc. • Hot beverages above 65°C. • Polluted water. اشبها الاشياء الي ذكرناها فوق

carcinogenic تسبب سرطان بطريقة غير مباشره

When body metabolizes alcohol → acetaldehyde → may damage DNA → may lead to cancer. صح ولا خطا

صح

Alcohol Increases risk of cancer in mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, liver and breast in women. صح ولا. خطا

صح

Combined use of alcohol and tobacco greatly increases risk compared to drinking or smoking alone. ترجم المكتوب

الاستخدام المشترك للكحول والتبغ يزيد بشكل كبير من المخاطر مقارنة بالشرب أو التدخين وحده.

Body is not producing insulin or has lost sensitivity to insulin.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

is a hormone secreted by pancreas needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy.

Insulin

body does not produce any insulin or not enough.

Type I-DM

body cells looses sensitivity to insulin made.

Type II-DM

occurs during pregnancy.

Gestational diabetes

ايش الخلايا الي تفرز الاونسلين

BETA CELLs

Hyperglycemia Obesity Diet Medication Hereditary Aging process Physical inactivit Increased free fatty acid Causes of ??

insulin resistance Risk Factors for Type II Diabetes

To manage your blood glucose, you need to balance what you eat/drink with physical activity and diabetes medicine.

True

Pressure during systole (contraction of the heart

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

Pressure during diastole (relaxation of the heart)

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Normal range Blood Pressure

Normal range:  (SBP 100 – 120 mmHg)  (DBP 60 – 80mmHg)

a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart attack, DM and stroke.

Hypertensionis

age, genetics (FH), obesity, salt intake, alcohol and dietary factors.

Risk factors to Hypertension include

 Eat a healthy diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy and limit foods high in saturated/trans fat.  Reduce sodium (salt) in your diet.  Consider food rich in potassium to lessen the effects of sodium on blood pressure as fruits and vegetables.  Limit processed and spicy foods.  Avoid smoking and alcohol intake, limit caffeine.  Monitor what you eat, how much, when and why.  Read food labels when shopping, stick to healthy-eating plan.

Diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)

DASH

A lifelong approach to healthy eating designed to help treat or prevent hypertension.

Is a bone disease in which boneslose minerals as calcium, become weak, fragile and break easily.

Osteoporosis

Strong bones support us and allow us to move, protect our heart, lungs, brain and other organs from trauma.

True

Bones are a storehouse for vital minerals. ترجم

العظام هي المكان التخزيني للمعادن

Low bone mass and deterioration of bone structure. Increased risk for women, post-menopausal, over age 65

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis Is Preventable and treatable صح ولا خطا

صح

After mid-30’s, you begin to slowly lose bone mass. صح ولا خطا

صح

Osteoporosis and Diet  Important to keep a well-balanced diet with plenty of dairy, fish, fruits and vegetables that are rich in calcium, vitamins D, C, and K, potassium, magnesium and zinc.  Dairy as low-fat and non-fat milk, yogurt and cheese.  Fish as sardines, salmon (with bones), mackerel and tuna.  Vegetables (dark green leafy) as spinach, broccoli, cabbage, kale, collard green, mustard green, turnip green, beet green, tomato, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peppers, etc.  Fruits as papaya, orange, grapefruit, banana, pineapple, prune, strawberry, blueberry, etc.  Limit wheat bran, processed food, canned food, salt, soda, coffee, tea and alcohol. اقراوها بس