L4

Question 1

necessary for energy production, immune function, blood clotting and other functions.

Answer 1

Vitamins

Question 2

They are organic compounds that are vital to life and indispensable to body functions but are n e e d e d only in minute amounts; no caloric essential nutrients.

Answer 2

Vitamins

Question 3

Precursors compounds that can be converted into active vitamins. Also called provitamins; they are stransformed by the body into active vtamins

Answer 3

true

Question 4

Vitamins falls in to two categories

Answer 4

Fat Soluble: Vit A, D, E, K.

Water Soluble: Vit: B ,C

Question 5

Absorbed directly into the blood stream, where they travel freely.
(Not stored in the body) to the great extent rather excesses are excreted.

Answer 5

Water Soluble: Vit: B ,C

Question 6

are mostly (absorbed into the lymph), and they (travel in the blood) with protein carriers.
They can be (stored in the liver) or (with other lipids in fatty tissues).
Some can build up to toxic level.

Answer 6

Fat Soluble: Vit A, D, E, K.

Question 7

The role:
•gene expression
•vision
•maintenance of body lining+skin
•Immune defence
•growth of bones+body.
•reproduction
•normal development of cells.
•Eyesight

Answer 7

Vitamin A

Question 8

Sources of vitamin A

Answer 8

•Animal sources: Liver+eegs+ butter+ whole milk +fish+meat+ fishes oils
•plant sources:
-present in form: carotene
Greens leafy vegetable+ carrots +tomato+ pumpkin Fruit: papaya+mango

Question 9

plays crucial roles; in the process of light perception at the retina and the maintenance of the Crystal-clear outer window, the corneas.

Answer 9

Vitamin A

Question 10

It has a versatile role in gene expression, vision, maintenance of body lining and skin.

Answer 10

Vitamin A

Question 11

Vitamin A deficiency

Lead to ?

Answer 11

• NB “Night blindness“
•Xerophthalmia

Question 12

is a condition making it difficult or impossible to s e e in relatively low light
An early symptom of Vit A deficiency

Answer 12

Night blindness

Question 13

It is condition characterized by accumulation of keratin in outer part of eye called keratinization

This will lead to

Answer 13

xerophthalmia

Question 14

Vitamin D

Chemical name of vitamin ‘D’ is

Answer 14

Calciferol

Question 15

The role of vitamin D is ?

Answer 15

•Absorption of calcium+phosphate from intestine -> deposition on bones

Question 16

It is formed in the skin from a cholesterol derivative by the action of Ultraviolet rays of sunlight.

Answer 16

Vitamin D

Question 17

The rich source of Vitamin D is:

Answer 17

Sunlight

sun light has the capacity to convert cholesterol in our body into Vitamin D.

Question 18

Deficiency o f vitamin ‘D’ leads to bone deformities such as

Answer 18

Rickets
(bent bones and knock knees)

Question 19

Source of Vitamin D

Answer 19

Vitamin D present in foods of animal origin such as liver, egg yolk, butter, oils extracted from the livers of fishes such as cod or shark.

Question 20

Vitamin E

Another name:

Answer 20

Tocoferol or Anti sterility Vitamin

Question 21

Bodyguard against free radicals-antioxidant

Answer 21

Vitamin E

Question 22

This vitamin is required for the normal functioning of sex organs.

Answer 22

Vitamin E

Question 23

Vitamin E

Deficiency disorders:

Answer 23

Sterility> males
abortions>female

reduces the life span of (red blood cells) RBCs and causes Erythrocyte Hemolysis in Infants.

Question 24

Sources of Vitamin E

Answer 24

Fruits+ vegetables germinating seeds+ meat+ egg yolk+ sunflower oil+ cotton seed oil

Question 25

is also known as Anti coagulation Vitamin

Answer 25

Vitamin K

Question 26

Necessary for synthesis of key bone protein

Answer 26

Vitamin K

Question 27

in man: Synthesised by bacteria present in intestines

Answer 27

Vitamin K and B12

Question 28

Vitamin K Sources :

Answer 28

present in green leafy vegetables+ cow milk •in man: Synthesised by bacteria present in intestines

Question 29

Deficiency results in long time for the blood to clot and loss of more blood from injuries.

Answer 29

Vitamin K

Question 30

Vitamin K Deficiency:

Answer 30

Deficiency results in long time for the blood to clot and loss of more blood from injuries. •Toxicity (excess) leads to: jaundice

Question 31

are easily absorbed and excreted from the body.

Answer 31

Water Soluble Vitamins (B&C)

Question 32

Foods that supply they must be consumed frequently.

Answer 32

Water Soluble Vitamins (B&C)

Question 33

They are easily lost and destroyed during food preparation and processing.

Answer 33

Water Soluble Vitamins

Question 34

Also known as Thiamine

Answer 34

Vitamin B1

Question 35

It is needed for the activity of some of the functions as coenzyme and in metabolism of carbohydrate.

Answer 35

Vitamin B1

Question 36

Vitamin B1 Deficiency disease:

Answer 36

Beri-Beri.

Question 37

In this disease, the calf muscles become tender, vomiting, tremors, convulsions, loss of appetite are seen.

Answer 37

Beri-Beri

Question 38

Lack of sensation in hand and feet +muscular weakness+ advancing paralysis and abnormal hear action

Answer 38

Beri-Beri عدم وجود إحساس في اليد والقدمين + ضعف عضلي + شلل متقدم وعمل سمعي غير طبيعي

Question 39

Sources of vit B1

Answer 39

Cereals like wheat, oil seeds like groundnut, milk, meat, fish.

Question 40

Also known as Riboflavin

Answer 40

Vitamin B2

Question 41

•energy metabolism of cells •Active in body’s energy releasing mechanisms

Answer 41

Functions of vitamin B2

Question 42

Vitamin B2 Sources: It is present in milk, eggs, liver, kidney and green leafy vegetables.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

• Riboflavin is destroyed by ordinary light.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Vitamin B2 Deficiency disorders:

Answer 44

• Mouth cracks at corners. • Sore throat • Hypersensitivity to light.

Question 45

Niacin

Answer 45

Vitamin B3

Question 46

Vitamin B3 Sources: It is present in kidney, liver, meat, poultry fish, legumes and groundnuts.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Vitamin B3 Deficiency disorders:

Answer 47

Pellagra. Pellis=skin Agra=rough 4Ds (diarrhea-dermatitis-dementia- death). بيلاغرا. Pellis=جلد أغرا = خشنا 4Ds (الإسهال - التهاب الجلد - الخرف - الموت).

Question 48

The symptoms of pellagra are diarrhea, dementia (loss of memory) patches on the body when exposed to sunlight.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

•It is called Pyridoxine

Answer 49

Vitamin B6

Question 50

Vitamin B6 Deficiency disorders:

Answer 50

irritability, anemia, depression, confusion. التهيج وفقر الدم والاكتئاب والارتباك.

Question 51

Folate o r Folic Acid Sources: It is present in liver, meat, eggs, milk, fruits, cereals, and leafy vegetables over cooking of food destroys the folic acid

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Folic acid is required for the synthesis of

Answer 52

•nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). •development of blood cells in the bone marrow.

Question 53

Folate or Folic Acid Deficiency Symptoms:

Answer 53

anemia, diarrhea and decrease in the number of leucocytes. Cell division in tissues such as intestinal mucosa is affected in folic acid deficiency. Neural Tube Defect (NTD)-Spina Bifida.

Question 54

Also known as Cyano cobalamin.

Answer 54

Vitamin B12

Question 55

Vitamin B12 Source:

Answer 55

Bacteria present in the intestine synthesize this vitamin and supply to our body. Found only in animal sources Liver is the main site of storage of vitamin B12

Question 56

Liver is the main site of storage of vitamin B12

Answer 56

True

Question 57

Vitamin B12 Deficiency disease:

Answer 57

pernicious anemia that is different from other types of anemia. (the cells are larger than normal and irregular in shape).

Question 58

that is different from other types of anemia. (the cells are larger than normal and irregular in shape).

Answer 58

pernicious anemia

Question 59

B12 and folate are closely related: each depends on other for activation.

Answer 59

true

Question 60

Helps maintain sheath around nerve cells.

Answer 60

Vitamin B12

Question 61

Pantothenic Acid

Answer 61

Vitamin B5

Question 62

It is required for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

Answer 62

Pantothenic Acid B5

Question 63

Deficiency:leads to burning sensation in feet.

Answer 63

Pantothenic Acid B5

Question 64

Biotin

Answer 64

Vitamin B7

Question 65

It is required for protein metabolism.

Answer 65

Biotin

Question 66

Vitamin C

Answer 66

Ascorbic Acid

Question 67

It plays an important role in tissue oxidation reactions.

Answer 67

Vitamin C

Question 68

It is required for the formation of collagen which is required for the formation of blood vessels, connective tissue, cartilage and dentine of teeth.

Answer 68

Vitamin C

Question 69

also helps in the absorption and storage of iron.

Answer 69

Vitamin C

Question 70

This Vitamin is also required for normal growth, tissue repair, healing of wounds and fracture of bone.

Answer 70

Vitamin C

Question 71

It is a nutritional disorder caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin 'C'

Answer 71

Scurvy

Question 72

The symptoms of this disease are swelling of gums, bleeding from gums and from the joints and under the skin. أعراض هذا المرض هي تورم اللثة والنزيف من اللثة والمفاصل وتحت الجلد.

Answer 72

Scurvy

Question 73

are elements needed by the body in small amounts for health and maintenance.

Answer 73

Minerals

Question 74

are needed in the diet in amounts greater than 100 mg per day or are present in the body in amounts greater than 0.01% of body weight.

Answer 74

Major minerals

Question 75

are required in the diet in amounts less than 100 mg per day or are present in the body in amounts less than 0.01% of body weight.

Answer 75

Trace minerals

Question 76

Minerals a r e available in unprocessed foods, some processed foods and dietary supplements. •To maintain health, minerals must be consumed in the correct proportions.

Answer 76

True

Question 77

iron,zinc,copper,manganese ,selenium,iodine,fluoride, chromium and munedbymlo

Answer 77

The trace elements

Question 78

They are required in amounts less than 100 mg per day.

Answer 78

Trace Elements

Question 79

Goiter, cretinism, mental retardation, growth and developmental abnormalities

Answer 79

Iodine deficiency