L3

Question 1

Types of nutritions

Answer 1

Macronutrients & micronutrients.

Question 2

Primary source of energy for the body (1 gram gives 4 calories),
They provide energy for brain & nervous system and GIT.
It constitutes about 55-60% of caloric intake.

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Types of Carbohydrates:

Answer 3

Simple Carbohydrates: e.g. sugars.
Complex carbohydrates: starch and fibers.
They are metabolized and converted to glucose & Glycogen.

Question 4

glucose, fructose & galactose.

Answer 4

Monosaccharide

Question 5

found in fruits

Answer 5

Fructose

Question 6

found in the milk.

Answer 6

Galactose

Question 7

lactose, maltose & sucrose. Found in vegetables & fruits.

Answer 7

Disaccharide

Question 8

•Maintaining proper GIT function (reduce risk of bowel diseases such as constipation, appendicitis, etc. •Promote normal blood cholesterol(reduce risk of heart diseases).
•Modulate blood glucose level (help control diabetes). е Contribute to feeling offullness.
•A fiber rich diet may promote a healthy body weight.

Answer 8

Usefulness of Fibers

Question 9

are primary source of energy
1gram fat gives 9 calories.
Constitute about 25-30% of caloric intake

Answer 9

Fats

Question 10

Essential in formation of hormones and health of glands.
Essential for cell building.
Main component of brain tissue.
Essential for formation of neurotransmitters.
Protects the insides of the blood vessels.

Answer 10

Functions of Cholesterol

Question 11

Functions of Fats in Food

essential fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins

Sensory:
Appetite:
Texture:
Satiety:

Answer 11

Carry fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K & assist in their absorption.
الفايتاميات الي تذوب في الدهون الاساسية وتندمج معاها فتنتقل في الجسم عن طريق الدهون
…………contribute in taste.
…………stimulate the appetite.
…………make foods crisp and tender.
…………contribute to feeling of fullness.

Question 12

Classification of fat

Answer 12

Saturated Fatty Acids، Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 13

from animal source, full fat diary products & tropical oil (palm, coconut) - ↑ blood cholesterol.

Answer 13

Saturated Fatty Acids

Question 14

•Monounsaturated Fatty Acids: vegetable oils, olive, canola & peanut, sesame, etc.

•Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: corn, sunflower, soybean, etc. ↓ blood cholesterol.

Answer 14

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 15

are made of chains of amino acids.

Answer 15

Proteins

Question 16

Fat
1-
2-
3-

Answer 16

Fat
1-Triglyceride (Fats & Oils)
2-Phospholipids
3-Sterols (Cholesterol) Cholesterol is not a fat. It is a STEROL, more like wax.

Question 17

Triglyceride
1-
2-

Answer 17

Fats: that are solid in at room temp
Oils: that are liquid at room temp

Question 18

They are small units necessary for growth and tissue repair.

Answer 18

Amino acid

Question 19

One gram of proteins give 4 calories.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

………………It is found in every cell of the body.
Responsible for most physiological processes of the body.
Sequence of ………………. is determined by genetic make up.

Answer 20

amino acids& protein

Question 21

Animal sources of protein as meat, fish, poultry, milk & eggs.
Plant sources of protein as beans, peas, nuts, bread and cereals.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

acts as glue between cells.

Answer 22

Collagen

Question 23

as insulin that regulate blood glucose.

Answer 23

Hormone:

Question 24

protein acts as a catalyst, increasing the rate of chemical reaction.

Answer 24

Enzyme

Question 25

Human bodycon tains about 10,000 different enzymes.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

protein molecule that is packed into RBCs.

Answer 26

hemoglobin

Question 27

Providing structure and movement Building Enzymes, hormones, & other compounds Building Antibodies Transporting substances Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance Maintaining acid-base balance Blood clotting Providing energy and glucose Inadequate supply of protein cause malnutrition

Answer 27

Role of Body Proteins

Question 28

They are nonorganic substances needed by body for health & maintenance.

Answer 28

Minerals

Question 29

Source of minerals

Answer 29

Unprocessed foods, some processed foods and dietary supplements.

Question 30

Elements required in the diet in amounts > 100 mg per day or present in the body in amounts > 0.01% of body weight. include calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, nitrogen and Sulphur.

Answer 30

Major minerals “Macronutrients”

Question 31

Elements required in the diet in amounts < 100 mg per day or present in the body in amounts < 0.01% of body weight. Include iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium iodine, fluoride, chromium and molybdenum.

Answer 31

Trace minerals “Micronutrients”

Question 32

act with Ca to make strong bones and teeth.

Answer 32

Phosphorus:

Question 33

essential for carbohydrate metabolism & protein synthesis, activates enzymes & increases disease resistance.

Answer 33

Potassium

Question 34

Necessary for formation of amino acids.

Answer 34

Nitrogen

Question 35

builds bones & teeth - necessary for blood clotting.

Answer 35

Calcium

Question 36

Improves utilization & mobility of phosphorus

Answer 36

Magnesium:

Question 37

helps in developing enzymes and vitamins.

Answer 37

Sulphur

Question 38

Acts as an oxygen carrier.

Answer 38

Iron

Question 39

Functions as a part of certain enzyme systems.

Answer 39

Manganese

Question 40

It is a major component of our body mass (about 60 %). A person can only survive few days without it

Answer 40

Water

Question 41

Without water:

Answer 41

 Blood pressure deacreses  Heart begins to malfunction  Kidneys shut down

Question 42

Functions of water:

Answer 42

 Transportation:  Lubrication:  Regulation of body temperature.  Elimination of wastes.

Question 43

Functions of water:  Transportation:  Lubrication:  Regulation of body temperature.  Elimination of wastes.

Answer 43

Functions of water:  Transportation: Nutrients, hormones, enzymes, platelets, blood cells.  Lubrication: joints, digestive tract, Food, mucous membrane.  Regulation of body temperature.  Elimination of wastes.