L4 CH6 Vocab Flashcards
Villi
Absorption of Fats and Fat-Soluble
FUNCTIONS OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
small fingerlike projections in the small intestine that digest food. Each villus (singular) contains lacteals and blood vessels.
Lacteals
Absorption of Fats and Fat-Soluble
FUNCTIONS OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
specialized structures of the lymphatic system that absorb those fats that cannot be transported by the bloodstream. These dietary
fats are transformed in the cells of the lacteals.
Interstitial fluid
Interstitial Fluid and Lymph Creation
FUNCTIONS OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
also known as intercellular or tissue fluid, is plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries, and then flows into the spaces between the cells of the tissues.
Lymph
Interstitial Fluid and Lymph Creation
FUNCTIONS OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
made up of the remaining 10% of the returning interstitial fluid. Lymph is a clear, watery
fluid containing electrolytes and proteins. It plays essential roles in the lymphatic system as it works in close cooperation with the immune system.
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic Capillaries
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
microscopic, blind-ended (sealed on one end) tubes located near the surface of the body with
capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness. These cells separate briefly to allow the lymph to enter the capillary. Then the action of the cells as they close forces the lymph to flow upward and forward
lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
located deeper within the tissues. Like veins, lymphatic vessels have valves to prevent the backward flow of lymph.
right lymphatic duct
Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body, and the right arm. The right lymphatic duct
empties into the right subclavian vein.
thoracic duct
Lymphatic Vessels and Ducts
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left
arm, the entire lower portion of the trunk, and both legs. The thoracic duct empties into the left subclavian vein.
lymph node
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens. Unfiltered
lymph flows into the nodes, and here the lymphocytes destroy harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, and malignant cells.
Cervical lymph nodes
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
located along
the sides of the neck
Axillary lymph nodes
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
located
under the arms in the area known as the armpits
Inguinal lymph nodes
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
located in
the inguinal (groin) area of the lower abdomen
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
lymphoid cells, are leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells
antigen
Lymphocytes
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
any substance that the body regards as being foreign. This includes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and transplanted tissues. There are three types of lymphocytes: natural killer cells, B cells, and T cells.
Differentiation
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
to be
modified to perform a specific function.
Natural killer cells (NK cells)
Lymphocytes
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses.
B cells
B Cells
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
B lymphocytes, are specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies. Each lymphocyte makes a specific antibody that is capable of destroying a specific antigen.
Plasma cells
B Cells
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
develop from B cells and secrete a large
volume of antibodies coded to destroy specific
antigens.
T cells
T Cells
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
T lymphocytes, originate in the thymus. These
lymphocytes play a central role in cell-mediated
immunity.
Cytokines
T Cells
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells. These cells act as intracellular signals to
begin the immune response.
Interferons (IFNs)
T Cells
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. Interferons activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication, and signal other cells to increase their defenses.
Interleukins
T Cells
STRUCTURES OF THE
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
play multiple roles in the immune system, including directing B and T cells to divide and proliferate.
lymphoid
ADDITIONAL STRUCTURES
OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
pertaining to the lymphatic system or resembling lymph or lymphatic tissue.
tonsils
Tonsils
ADDITIONAL STRUCTURES
OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat. Prevents pathogens from entering the respiratory system when breathing through the nose and mouth.
