L2 CH4 Vocab Flashcards
Muscle fibers
STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
long, slender cells that make up
muscles. Each muscle consists of a group of fibers that
are bound together by connective tissue.
Fascia
STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
band of connective tissue that
envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups
of muscles
myofascial
STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia
tendon
STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
narrow band of nonelastic, dense,
fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a
bone.
Skeletal muscles
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
voluntary muscles, attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible
Smooth muscles
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
Unstriated muscles, in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. They move and control the flow of fluids through these structures
Myocardial muscles
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
myocardium or cardiac muscle, form the muscular walls of the heart. Like striated skeletal muscle in appearance but is similar to smooth muscle in that its action is involuntary.
Muscle innervation
MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION
stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.Motor
nerves enable the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract. When the stimulation stops, the muscle relaxes. Motor nerves control the body’s voluntary muscular contractions.
Contraction
MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION
tightening of a muscle. It becomes shorter and thicker, causing the belly (center) of the muscle to enlarge.
Relaxation
MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION
a muscle returns to its
original form. As the muscle relaxes, it becomes longer and thinner, and the belly is no longer enlarged.
Abduction
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
is the movement of a limb
(arm or leg) away from the midline of the body
adduction
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
the
movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline
of the body
Flexion
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
decreasing the angle
between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
extension
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
increasing the angle
between two bones or the straightening out of a limb
Elevation
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
act of raising or lifting a body part. For
example, the elevation of the levator anguli oris muscles
of the face raises the corners of the mouth into a smile
levator
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
a muscle that raises a body part
depression
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
act of lowering a body
part. The depressor anguli oris, for example, lowers the
corner of the mouth into a frown.
depressor
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
muscle
lowers a body part.
Rotation
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
circular movement around an axis such as
the shoulder joint.
circumduction
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
circular movement at the far end of a limb
Supination
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
the act of rotating the
arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the
foot is turned forward or upward.
pronation
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole
of the foot is turned downward or backward
Dorsiflexion
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
movement that
bends the foot upward at the ankle.
plantar flexion
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
movement that bends the foot downward
at the ankle.
Plantar
CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION
pertaining to the sole of
the foot
superficial
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
located near the surface, just under the skin
origin
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
muscle begins, and it is
located nearest the midline of the body or on a less
movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less
movable attachment.
insertion
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
where the muscle ends by
attaching to a bone or tendon. In contrast to the
origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment,
and it is the farthest point from the midline
of the body.
Pectoral
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
relating to the chest
Lateralis
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
toward the side
Medialis
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
toward the midline
Oblique
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
slanted or at an angle
Rectus
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
in straight alignment with
the vertical axis of the body.
sphincter
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
ring-like muscle that
tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. A
sphincter is named for the passage involved
biceps brachii
HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED
biceps, is formed from two divisions
frontalis
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
occipitofrontalis, muscle
is in the forehead. It raises and lowers the eyebrows.
temporalis
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
moves the
lower jaw up and back to close the mouth.
masseter
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to
close the mouth when chewing.
external oblique muscles
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
flex and rotate the vertebral column and
the torso. They also compress the abdomen
internal oblique muscles
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
flex the spine, support the abdominal
contents, help breathe, and rotate the spine
rectus abdominis
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
flex the
trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine.
transverse abdominis
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
side of the
abdomen. This core muscle is engaged when a person
laughs or coughs.
trapezius
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
muscle moves the
head and shoulder blade.
rectus femoris
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
extends the leg at the
knee.
quadriceps femoris
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
four muscles,
including the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis,
which flex and extend the leg at the knee.
hamstring group
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
involved in knee flexion and
hip extension.
gastrocnemius
SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot
downward
Condyle
round prominence at the end of a
bone.
reflex
involuntary response to a stimulus
Sarcomas
cancers that start in bone, muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels or fat, and can be found anywhere in the body
