L2 CH4 Vocab

Question 1

Muscle fibers

STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 1

long, slender cells that make up
muscles. Each muscle consists of a group of fibers that
are bound together by connective tissue.

Question 2

Fascia

STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 2

band of connective tissue that
envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups
of muscles

Question 3

myofascial

STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 3

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

Question 4

tendon

STRUCTURES OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 4

narrow band of nonelastic, dense,
fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a
bone.

Question 5

Skeletal muscles

TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

Answer 5

voluntary muscles, attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible

Question 6

Smooth muscles

TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

Answer 6

Unstriated muscles, in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. They move and control the flow of fluids through these structures

Question 7

Myocardial muscles

TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

Answer 7

myocardium or cardiac muscle, form the muscular walls of the heart. Like striated skeletal muscle in appearance but is similar to smooth muscle in that its action is involuntary.

Question 8

Muscle innervation

MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION

Answer 8

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.Motor
nerves enable the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract. When the stimulation stops, the muscle relaxes. Motor nerves control the body’s voluntary muscular contractions.

Question 9

Contraction

MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION

Answer 9

tightening of a muscle. It becomes shorter and thicker, causing the belly (center) of the muscle to enlarge.

Question 10

Relaxation

MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND
RELAXATION

Answer 10

a muscle returns to its
original form. As the muscle relaxes, it becomes longer and thinner, and the belly is no longer enlarged.

Question 11

Abduction

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 11

is the movement of a limb
(arm or leg) away from the midline of the body

Question 12

adduction

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 12

the
movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline
of the body

Question 13

Flexion

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 13

decreasing the angle
between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

Question 14

extension

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 14

increasing the angle
between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

Question 15

Elevation

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 15

act of raising or lifting a body part. For
example, the elevation of the levator anguli oris muscles
of the face raises the corners of the mouth into a smile

Question 16

levator

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 16

a muscle that raises a body part

Question 17

depression

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 17

act of lowering a body
part. The depressor anguli oris, for example, lowers the
corner of the mouth into a frown.

Question 18

depressor

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 18

muscle
lowers a body part.

Question 19

Rotation

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 19

circular movement around an axis such as
the shoulder joint.

Question 20

circumduction

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 20

circular movement at the far end of a limb

Question 21

Supination

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 21

the act of rotating the
arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the
foot is turned forward or upward.

Question 22

pronation

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 22

rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole
of the foot is turned downward or backward

Question 23

Dorsiflexion

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 23

movement that
bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Question 24

plantar flexion

CONTRASTING MUSCLE
MOTION

Answer 24

movement that bends the foot downward
at the ankle.

Question 25

Plantar ## Footnote CONTRASTING MUSCLE MOTION

Answer 25

pertaining to the sole of the foot

Question 26

superficial ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 26

located near the surface, just under the skin

Question 27

origin ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 27

muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less movable attachment.

Question 28

insertion ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 28

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. In contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body.

Question 29

Pectoral ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 29

relating to the chest

Question 30

Lateralis ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 30

toward the side

Question 31

Medialis ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 31

toward the midline

Question 32

Oblique ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 32

slanted or at an angle

Question 33

Rectus ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 33

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.

Question 34

sphincter ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 34

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. A sphincter is named for the passage involved

Question 35

biceps brachii ## Footnote HOW MUSCLES ARE NAMED

Answer 35

biceps, is formed from two divisions

Question 36

frontalis ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 36

occipitofrontalis, muscle is in the forehead. It raises and lowers the eyebrows.

Question 37

temporalis ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 37

moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth.

Question 38

masseter ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 38

strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing.

Question 39

external oblique muscles ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 39

flex and rotate the vertebral column and the torso. They also compress the abdomen

Question 40

internal oblique muscles ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 40

flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, and rotate the spine

Question 41

rectus abdominis ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 41

flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine.

Question 42

transverse abdominis ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 42

side of the abdomen. This core muscle is engaged when a person laughs or coughs.

Question 43

trapezius ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 43

muscle moves the head and shoulder blade.

Question 44

rectus femoris ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 44

extends the leg at the knee.

Question 45

quadriceps femoris ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 45

four muscles, including the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, which flex and extend the leg at the knee.

Question 46

hamstring group ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 46

involved in knee flexion and hip extension.

Question 47

gastrocnemius ## Footnote SELECT MUSCLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Answer 47

calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

Question 48

Condyle

Answer 48

round prominence at the end of a bone.

Question 49

reflex

Answer 49

involuntary response to a stimulus

Question 50

Sarcomas

Answer 50

cancers that start in bone, muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels or fat, and can be found anywhere in the body