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L3 CH5 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular

FUNCTIONS OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. These structures work together to efficiently pump blood to all body tissues.

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2
Q

heart

The Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

a hollow, muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs

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3
Q

apex

The Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

the lower tip of the heart.

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4
Q

pericardium

The Pericardium

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

pericardial sac, is the double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

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5
Q

parietal pericardium

The Pericardium

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

fibrous sac that surrounds
and protects the heart

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6
Q

Pericardial fluid

The Pericardium

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

found between these two layers,
where it acts as a lubricant to prevent friction as the heart beats

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7
Q

visceral pericardium

The Pericardium

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

inner layer of the pericardium that also forms the outer layer of the heart

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8
Q

epicardium

The Walls of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

external
layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium

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9
Q

myocardium

The Walls of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

myocardial muscle, the middle
and thickest of the heart’s three layers. Specialized cardiac muscle tissue that is capable of the constant contraction and relaxation that creates the pumping movement necessary to maintain
the flow of blood throughout the body

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10
Q

endocardium

The Walls of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

consists of epithelial tissue, is the inner lining of the
heart

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11
Q

coronary arteries

Blood Supply to the Myocardium

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

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12
Q

atria

The Chambers of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

the two upper chambers of
the heart, and these chambers are divided by the interatrial septum

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13
Q

septum

The Chambers of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

wall that separates
two chambers

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14
Q

ventricles

The Chambers of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

the two lower chambers of the heart, and these chambers are divided by the interventricular septum

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15
Q

tricuspid valve

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

controls the opening
between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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16
Q

tricuspid

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

having three cusps (points)

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17
Q

pulmonary semilunar valve

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

located between the right ventricle
and the pulmonary artery

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18
Q

Pulmonary

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

pertaining
to the lungs

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19
Q

semilunar

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

means half-moon

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20
Q

mitral valve

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

located between the left
atrium and left ventricle

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21
Q

Mitral

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

bicuspid valve, shaped like a
bishop’s mitre (hat)

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22
Q

aortic semilunar valve

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

located between the left ventricle and the aorta

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23
Q

Oxygenated

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

oxygen rich, or containing an adequate
supply of oxygen

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24
Q

Deoxygenated

The Valves of the Heart

STRUCTURES OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

oxygen poor,
or not yet containing an adequate supply of oxygen.

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25
Pulmonary circulation | Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs.
26
pulmonary arteries | Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs. This is the only place in the body where deoxygenated blood is carried by arteries instead of veins.
27
pulmonary veins | Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart. This is the only place in the body where veins carry oxygenated blood.
28
Systemic circulation | Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.
29
heartbeat | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
conduction system, ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body; the contraction and relaxation (beating) of the heart must occur in exactly the correct sequence. The rate and regularity of the heartbeat is determined by electrical impulses from nerves that stimulate the myocardium of the chambers of the heart.
30
sinoatrial node | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
SA node, is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava. The natural pacemaker of the heart.
31
atrioventricular node | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
impulses from the SA node also travel to the AV node is located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum. From here, it transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His.
32
bundle of His (HISS) | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
group of fibers located within the interventricular septum. These electrical impulses travel onward to the right and left ventricles and the Purkinje fibers.
33
Purkinje fibers | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles. Relays the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles, that causes the ventricles to contract. This contraction of the ventricles forces blood out of the heart and into the aorta and pulmonary arteries
34
sinus rhythm | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
the normal beating of the heart that can be visualized as wave movements on a monitor or as an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG). Consists of P wave, QRS complex and T wave
35
P wave | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
stimulation (contraction) of the atria.
36
QRS complex | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
stimulation (contraction) of the ventricles. The atria relax as the ventricles contract.
37
T wave | The Heartbeat ## Footnote STRUCTURES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
recovery (relaxation) of the ventricles.
38
3 types of blood vessels ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
arteries, capillaries, and veins. These vessels form the arterial and venous circulatory systems
39
arteries | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body.
40
endarterial | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
within an artery or pertaining to the inner portion of an artery.
41
Arterial blood | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
bright red in color because it is oxygen rich. The pumping action of the heart causes blood to spurt out when an artery is cut.
42
aorta | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
largest blood vessel in the body. It begins from the left ventricle of the heart and forms the main trunk of the arterial system
43
carotid arteries | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
major arteries that carry blood upward to the head.
44
common carotid artery | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
located on each side of the neck.
45
internal carotid artery | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
brings oxygen-rich blood to the brain.
46
external carotid artery | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
brings blood to the face.
47
arterioles | Arteries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
smaller, thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries. As it enters one end of the capillary bed, it is here that the rate of flow of arterial blood slows.
48
Capillaries | Capillaries ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
only one epithelial cell in thickness, are the smallest blood vessels in the body. The capillaries form networks of expanded vascular beds that have the important role of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the tissues
49
Veins | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
form a low-pressure collecting system to return oxygen-poor blood to the heart
50
Venules | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
the smallest veins that join to form the larger veins
51
Venous | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
relating to, or contained in, the veins.
52
Superficial veins | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
located near the body surface.
53
Deep veins | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
located within the tissues and away from the body surface.
54
venae cavae | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
the two largest veins in the body. These are the veins that return blood into the heart (singular, vena cava).
55
superior vena cava | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart
56
inferior vena cava | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart
57
pulse | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart.
58
Blood pressure | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
the measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries.
59
Systolic pressure | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
occurs when the ventricles contract, is the highest pressure against the walls of an artery
60
systole | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
contraction of the heart, and systolic means pertaining to this contraction phase.
61
Diastolic pressure | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
occurs when the ventricles are relaxed, is the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery.
62
diastole | Veins ## Footnote THE BLOOD VESSELS
relaxation of the heart, and diastolic means pertaining to this relaxation phase.
63
Blood ## Footnote BLOOD
the fluid tissue in the body. It is composed of 55% liquid plasma and 45% formed elements.
64
Plasma | Plasma ## Footnote BLOOD
straw-colored fluid that contains nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Plasma is 91% water. The remaining 9% consists mainly of proteins, including the clotting proteins.
65
Serum | Plasma ## Footnote BLOOD
plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed.
66
Fibrinogen and prothrombin | Plasma ## Footnote BLOOD
the clotting proteins found in plasma. They have an important role in clot formation to control bleeding.
67
Erythrocytes | Formed Elements of the Blood ## Footnote BLOOD
red blood cells (RBCs), are mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow. The primary role of these cells is to transport oxygen to the tissues.
68
hemoglobin | Formed Elements of the Blood, Erythrocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes
69
Leukocytes | Formed Elements of the Blood, Leukocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
white blood cells (WBCs), are the blood cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances
70
Neutrophils | Formed Elements of the Blood, Leukocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
red bone marrow, are the most common type of WBC. Through phagocytosis, neutrophils play a major role in the immune system’s defense against pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
71
Phagocytosis | Formed Elements of the Blood, Leukocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
process of destroying pathogens by surrounding and swallowing them.
72
Basophils | Formed Elements of the Blood, Leukocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
formed in red bone marrow, are the least common type of WBC. Basophils are responsible for causing the symptoms of allergies.
73
Eosinophils | Formed Elements of the Blood, Leukocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
formed in red bone marrow and then migrate to tissues throughout the body. These cells destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in allergic reactions.
74
Lymphocytes | Formed Elements of the Blood, Leukocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
formed in red bone marrow, in lymph nodes, and in the spleen. Lymphocytes identify foreign substances and germs (bacteria or viruses) in the body and produce antibodies that specifically target them.
75
Monocytes | Formed Elements of the Blood, Leukocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
formed in red bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the spleen. Through phagocytosis, monocytes provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms.
76
Thrombocytes | Formed Elements of the Blood, Thrombocytes ## Footnote BLOOD
platelets, are the smallest formed elements of the blood. They play an important role in the clotting of blood
77
Blood types | Blood types ## Footnote BLOOD
classified according to the presence or absence of certain antigens. The four major blood types are A, AB, B, and O. The A, AB, and B groups are based on the presence of the A and/or B antigens on the red blood cells. In contrast, in type O blood both the A and B antigens are absent.
78
The Rh Factor | The Rh Factor ## Footnote BLOOD
defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on red blood cells. 85% of Americans have the Rh antigen, and these individuals are described as being Rh positive (Rh+). The rest are described as being Rh negative (Rh–).
79
Blood gases | Blood Gases ## Footnote BLOOD
gases that are normally dissolved in the liquid portion of blood. The major blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

Medical Terminology (37 decks)

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