L2 CH3 Vocab Flashcards
General Vocab from CH 3
Periosteum
STRUCTURE OF BONES
tough, fibrous
tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
Compact bone
cortical bone
STRUCTURE OF BONES
dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. 75% of
the body’s bone matter
Spongy bone
cancellous bone
STRUCTURE OF BONES
porous (“sponge-like”), which makes it lighter and
weaker than compact bone
medullary cavity
STRUCTURE OF BONES
central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone
Medullary
STRUCTURE OF BONES
pertaining to the inner section
endosteum
STRUCTURE OF BONES
tissue that
lines the medullary cavity
Red bone marrow
Bone Marrow
located within the spongy
bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
Hemopoietic
Bone Marrow
pertaining
to the formation of blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
Bone Marrow
fat storage area, composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary
cavity of long bones
Cartilage
Cartilage
the smooth, rubbery, bluewhite
connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber
between bones. Also found in the outer ear and tip of the nose.
Articular cartilage
Cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate to form joints
meniscus
Cartilage
curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw
diaphysis
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
the shaft of a long
bone
epiphyses
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
the wider ends of
long bones such as the femurs of the legs
proximal epiphysis
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
the
end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the
body
distal epiphysis
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
end of the bone
located farthest away from the midline of the body
foramen
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
process
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
normal projection on the surface of a
bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon
mastoid process
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
bony projection located on the temporal bones
just behind the ears
ossification
process of bone formation using osteoblasts
Fibrous joints
Joints
Sutures, inflexible layers of dense
connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together
fontanelles
Joints
soft
spots, are normally present on the skull of a newborn
Cartilaginous joints
Joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
synovial joint
Joints
where two
bones articulate to permit a variety of motions
synovial capsule
Joints
outermost layer of strong
fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds
the joint
synovial membrane
Joints
lines the capsule and
secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid
Joints
flows within the synovial cavity,
acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of
the joint possible
Ligaments
Joints
bands of fibrous tissue
that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone
or by joining a bone to cartilage
bursa
Joints
fibrous sac that acts as a
cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject
to friction
axial skeleton
protects the major organs of the nervous,
respiratory, and circulatory systems
appendicular skeleton
makes body movement possible
and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion,and reproduction. (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, hands, hips, thighs, legs,ankles, and feet
frontal bone
8 bones of the skull
anterior portion of the cranium
that forms the forehead. This bone houses the frontal
sinuses and forms the roof of the ethmoid sinuses, the
nose and part of the socket that protects the eyebal
parietal bones
8 bones of the skull
two of the largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium.
occipital bone
8 bones of the skull
back part of the skull and the base of the cranium
temporal bones
8 bones of the skull
two bones form the sides and base of the cranium
external auditory meatus
8 bones of the skull
openingof the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull
sphenoid bone
8 bones of the skull
an irregular, wedgeshaped
bone at the base of the skull. This bone makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and helps form the base of the cranium
ethmoid bone
8 bones of the skull
light, spongy bone
located at the roof and sides of the nose.Here it separates the nasal cavity from the brain, and it also forms a portion of each orbit
auditory ossicles
8 bones of the skull
three tiny bones
located in each middle ear
nasal bones
14 bones of the face
two bones form the upper part of the bridge
of the nose
zygomatic bones
14 bones of the face
cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead
maxillary bones
14 bones of the face
two bones form
most of the upper jaw, maxillae
palatine bones
14 bones of the face
two bones form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose
