L2 CH3 Vocab Flashcards

General Vocab from CH 3

1
Q

Periosteum

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

tough, fibrous
tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

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2
Q

Compact bone

cortical bone

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. 75% of
the body’s bone matter

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3
Q

Spongy bone

cancellous bone

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

porous (“sponge-like”), which makes it lighter and
weaker than compact bone

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4
Q

medullary cavity

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone

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5
Q

Medullary

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

pertaining to the inner section

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6
Q

endosteum

STRUCTURE OF BONES

A

tissue that
lines the medullary cavity

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7
Q

Red bone marrow

Bone Marrow

A

located within the spongy
bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

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8
Q

Hemopoietic

Bone Marrow

A

pertaining
to the formation of blood cells

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9
Q

Yellow bone marrow

Bone Marrow

A

fat storage area, composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary
cavity of long bones

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10
Q

Cartilage

Cartilage

A

the smooth, rubbery, bluewhite
connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber
between bones. Also found in the outer ear and tip of the nose.

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11
Q

Articular cartilage

Cartilage

A

covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate to form joints

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12
Q

meniscus

Cartilage

A

curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw

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13
Q

diaphysis

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

the shaft of a long
bone

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14
Q

epiphyses

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

the wider ends of
long bones such as the femurs of the legs

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15
Q

proximal epiphysis

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

the
end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the
body

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16
Q

distal epiphysis

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

end of the bone
located farthest away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

foramen

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass

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18
Q

process

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

normal projection on the surface of a
bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

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19
Q

mastoid process

Anatomic Landmarks of Bones

A

bony projection located on the temporal bones
just behind the ears

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20
Q

ossification

A

process of bone formation using osteoblasts

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21
Q

Fibrous joints

Joints

A

Sutures, inflexible layers of dense
connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together

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22
Q

fontanelles

Joints

A

soft
spots, are normally present on the skull of a newborn

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23
Q

Cartilaginous joints

Joints

A

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

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24
Q

synovial joint

Joints

A

where two
bones articulate to permit a variety of motions

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25
synovial capsule ## Footnote Joints
outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint
26
synovial membrane ## Footnote Joints
lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
27
Synovial fluid ## Footnote Joints
flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible
28
Ligaments ## Footnote Joints
bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage
29
bursa ## Footnote Joints
fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction
30
axial skeleton
protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems
31
appendicular skeleton
makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion,and reproduction. (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, hands, hips, thighs, legs,ankles, and feet
32
frontal bone ## Footnote 8 bones of the skull
anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead. This bone houses the frontal sinuses and forms the roof of the ethmoid sinuses, the nose and part of the socket that protects the eyebal
33
parietal bones ## Footnote 8 bones of the skull
two of the largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium.
34
occipital bone ## Footnote 8 bones of the skull
back part of the skull and the base of the cranium
35
temporal bones ## Footnote 8 bones of the skull
two bones form the sides and base of the cranium
36
external auditory meatus ## Footnote 8 bones of the skull
openingof the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull
37
sphenoid bone ## Footnote 8 bones of the skull
an irregular, wedgeshaped bone at the base of the skull. This bone makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and helps form the base of the cranium
38
ethmoid bone ## Footnote 8 bones of the skull
light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose.Here it separates the nasal cavity from the brain, and it also forms a portion of each orbit
39
auditory ossicles ## Footnote 8 bones of the skull
three tiny bones located in each middle ear
40
nasal bones ## Footnote 14 bones of the face
two bones form the upper part of the bridge of the nose
41
zygomatic bones ## Footnote 14 bones of the face
cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead
42
maxillary bones ## Footnote 14 bones of the face
two bones form most of the upper jaw, maxillae
43
palatine bones ## Footnote 14 bones of the face
two bones form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose
44
lacrimal bones ## Footnote 14 bones of the face
two bones make up part of the orbit (socket of the eye) at the inner angle
45
thoracic cavity
rib cage, is the bony structure that protects the heart and lungs. It consists of the ribs, sternum, and upper portion of the spinal column extending from the neck to the diaphragm, but not including the arms
46
true ribs
first seven pairs of ribs that attach anteriorly to the sternum
47
inferior conchae ## Footnote 14 bones of the face
two thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose
48
vomer bone ## Footnote 14 bones of the face
forms the base for the nasal septum
49
nasal septum
cartilage wall that divides the two nasal cavities
50
mandible ## Footnote 14 bones of the face
jawbone, is the only movable bone of the skull
51
false ribs
three pairs of ribs that attach anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to the sternum
52
floating ribs
last two pairs of ribs that are only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae but are not attached anteriorly
53
sternum
breastbone, is a flat, dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of the chest. By joining with the ribs, it forms the front of the rib cage
54
manubrium ## Footnote sternum
bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
55
body of the sternum ## Footnote sternum
aka gladiolus, is the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum
56
xiphoid process ## Footnote sternum
structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
57
pectoral girdle ## Footnote Shoulders
shoulder girdle, supports the arms and hands
58
clavicle ## Footnote Shoulders
collar bone, is a slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula
59
scapula ## Footnote Shoulders
shoulder blade
60
acromion ## Footnote Shoulders
extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder
61
humerus ## Footnote Arms
bone of the upper arm
62
radius ## Footnote Arms
smaller and shorter bone in the forearm. The radius runs up the thumb side of the forearm
63
ulna ## Footnote Arms
larger and longer bone of the forearm
64
olecranon process ## Footnote Arms
funny bone, is a large projection on the upper end of the ulna. This forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck
65
carpals ## Footnote Wrists, Hands, and Fingers
8 bones that form the wrist. These bones form a narrow bony passage known as the carpal tunnel
66
metacarpals ## Footnote Wrists, Hands, and Fingers
five bones that form the palms of the hand
67
phalanges ## Footnote Wrists, Hands, and Fingers
14 bones of the fingers
68
spinal column
vertebral column, protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body. The spinal column consists of 26 vertebrae
69
body of the vertebra ## Footnote Structures of Vertebrae
anterior portion of the vertebra is solid to provide strength
70
lamina ## Footnote Structures of Vertebrae
transverse and spinous processes extend from this area and serve as attachments for muscles and tendons
71
vertebral foramen ## Footnote Structures of Vertebrae
opening in the middle of the vertebra. This opening allows the spinal cord to pass through and to protect the spinal cord
72
Intervertebral disks ## Footnote Spinal Column
made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other
73
cervical vertebrae ## Footnote Types of Vertebrae
first set of seven vertebrae, and they form the neck. known as C1 through C7
74
thoracic vertebrae ## Footnote Types of Vertebrae
second set of 12 vertebrae, T1 through T12
75
lumbar vertebrae ## Footnote Types of Vertebrae
third set of five vertebrae, and together they form the inward curve of the lower spine. These are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae, and they bear most of the body’s weight. L1 through L5
76
sacrum ## Footnote Types of Vertebrae
slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back. At birth, the sacrum is composed of five separate bones
77
coccyx ## Footnote Types of Vertebrae
tailbone, forms the end of the spine and is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together
78
pelvis ## Footnote Pelvis
protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities. In addition to the sacrum and coccyx, it includes the pelvic girdle
79
pelvic girdle ## Footnote Pelvis
cup-shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the trunk consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
80
ilium ## Footnote Pelvis
broad, blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone
81
sacroiliac ## Footnote Pelvis
slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium
82
ischium ## Footnote Pelvis
forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears the weight of the body when sitting
83
pubis ## Footnote Pelvis
forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, is located just below the urinary bladder
84
pubic symphysis ## Footnote Pelvis
cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bones.
85
symphysis
a place where two bones are closely joined
86
acetabulum ## Footnote Pelvis
hip socket, is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint
87
femurs
largest bones in the body
88
Femoral
pertaining to the femur
89
head of the femur
articulates with the acetabulum
90
femoral neck
narrow area just below the head of the femur
91
patella ## Footnote Knees
kneecap, is the bony anterior portion of the knee
92
popliteal ## Footnote Knees
the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located
93
cruciate ligaments ## Footnote Knees
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments because they are shaped like a cross. Makes movement of the knee possible.
94
ankles
joints that connect the lower leg and foot and make the necessary movements possible
95
tarsal ## Footnote Ankles
7 bones in the ankle similar to the bones of the wrists; however, they are much larger in size
96
malleolus ## Footnote Ankles
rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
97
talus ## Footnote Ankles
ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula
98
calcaneus ## Footnote Ankles
heel bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones
99
metatarsals
5 bones that form part of the foot to which the toes are attached
100
phalanges
bones of the toes
101
Malignant
becoming progressively worse and life-threatening
102
Benign
not life-threatening and does not recur. This type of tumor is also known as an exostosis
103
Comminuted
crushed into small pieces
104
embolus
any foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and block the blood vessel
105
callus
a bulging deposit around the area of the break. This tissue eventually becomes bone
106
Crepitation
crepitus, is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together. This term refers to any unusual crackling sound or sensation within the body. It is frequently used to describe the popping or clicking sound heard in the movements of some joints.
107
Allogenic
originating within another
108
Autologous
originating within an individual