L2 CH3 Vocab Flashcards
General Vocab from CH 3
Periosteum
STRUCTURE OF BONES
tough, fibrous
tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
Compact bone
cortical bone
STRUCTURE OF BONES
dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones. 75% of
the body’s bone matter
Spongy bone
cancellous bone
STRUCTURE OF BONES
porous (“sponge-like”), which makes it lighter and
weaker than compact bone
medullary cavity
STRUCTURE OF BONES
central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone
Medullary
STRUCTURE OF BONES
pertaining to the inner section
endosteum
STRUCTURE OF BONES
tissue that
lines the medullary cavity
Red bone marrow
Bone Marrow
located within the spongy
bone, is a hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
Hemopoietic
Bone Marrow
pertaining
to the formation of blood cells
Yellow bone marrow
Bone Marrow
fat storage area, composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary
cavity of long bones
Cartilage
Cartilage
the smooth, rubbery, bluewhite
connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber
between bones. Also found in the outer ear and tip of the nose.
Articular cartilage
Cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate to form joints
meniscus
Cartilage
curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw
diaphysis
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
the shaft of a long
bone
epiphyses
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
the wider ends of
long bones such as the femurs of the legs
proximal epiphysis
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
the
end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the
body
distal epiphysis
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
end of the bone
located farthest away from the midline of the body
foramen
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
process
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
normal projection on the surface of a
bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon
mastoid process
Anatomic Landmarks of Bones
bony projection located on the temporal bones
just behind the ears
ossification
process of bone formation using osteoblasts
Fibrous joints
Joints
Sutures, inflexible layers of dense
connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together
fontanelles
Joints
soft
spots, are normally present on the skull of a newborn
Cartilaginous joints
Joints
allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
synovial joint
Joints
where two
bones articulate to permit a variety of motions
synovial capsule
Joints
outermost layer of strong
fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds
the joint
synovial membrane
Joints
lines the capsule and
secretes synovial fluid
Synovial fluid
Joints
flows within the synovial cavity,
acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of
the joint possible
Ligaments
Joints
bands of fibrous tissue
that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone
or by joining a bone to cartilage
bursa
Joints
fibrous sac that acts as a
cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject
to friction
axial skeleton
protects the major organs of the nervous,
respiratory, and circulatory systems
appendicular skeleton
makes body movement possible
and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion,and reproduction. (shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, hands, hips, thighs, legs,ankles, and feet
frontal bone
8 bones of the skull
anterior portion of the cranium
that forms the forehead. This bone houses the frontal
sinuses and forms the roof of the ethmoid sinuses, the
nose and part of the socket that protects the eyebal
parietal bones
8 bones of the skull
two of the largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium.
occipital bone
8 bones of the skull
back part of the skull and the base of the cranium
temporal bones
8 bones of the skull
two bones form the sides and base of the cranium
external auditory meatus
8 bones of the skull
openingof the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull
sphenoid bone
8 bones of the skull
an irregular, wedgeshaped
bone at the base of the skull. This bone makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and helps form the base of the cranium
ethmoid bone
8 bones of the skull
light, spongy bone
located at the roof and sides of the nose.Here it separates the nasal cavity from the brain, and it also forms a portion of each orbit
auditory ossicles
8 bones of the skull
three tiny bones
located in each middle ear
nasal bones
14 bones of the face
two bones form the upper part of the bridge
of the nose
zygomatic bones
14 bones of the face
cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead
maxillary bones
14 bones of the face
two bones form
most of the upper jaw, maxillae
palatine bones
14 bones of the face
two bones form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose
lacrimal bones
14 bones of the face
two bones make up
part of the orbit (socket of the eye) at the inner angle
thoracic cavity
rib cage, is the bony structure that protects the heart and lungs. It consists of the ribs, sternum, and upper portion
of the spinal column extending from the neck to the diaphragm, but not including the arms
true ribs
first seven pairs of ribs that attach anteriorly to the sternum
inferior conchae
14 bones of the face
two thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose
vomer bone
14 bones of the face
forms the base for the
nasal septum
nasal septum
cartilage wall
that divides the two nasal cavities
mandible
14 bones of the face
jawbone, is the only movable bone of the skull
false ribs
three pairs of ribs that attach anteriorly to cartilage that connects them to the sternum
floating ribs
last two pairs of ribs that are only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae
but are not attached anteriorly
sternum
breastbone, is a flat, dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of
the chest. By joining with the ribs, it forms the front of the rib
cage
manubrium
sternum
bony
structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
body of the sternum
sternum
aka gladiolus, is the bony structure that forms the middle portion of
the sternum
xiphoid process
sternum
structure made of
cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum
pectoral girdle
Shoulders
shoulder girdle, supports the arms and hands
clavicle
Shoulders
collar
bone, is a slender bone that connects the manubrium
of the sternum to the scapula
scapula
Shoulders
shoulder blade
acromion
Shoulders
extension of
the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder
humerus
Arms
bone of the upper
arm
radius
Arms
smaller and shorter
bone in the forearm. The radius runs up the thumb
side of the forearm
ulna
Arms
larger and longer bone of
the forearm
olecranon process
Arms
funny bone, is a large projection on
the upper end of the ulna. This forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles when struck
carpals
Wrists, Hands, and Fingers
8 bones that form
the wrist. These bones form a narrow
bony passage known as the carpal tunnel
metacarpals
Wrists, Hands, and Fingers
five
bones that form the palms of the hand
phalanges
Wrists, Hands, and Fingers
14 bones of the
fingers
spinal column
vertebral
column, protects the spinal cord and supports the head
and body. The spinal column consists of 26 vertebrae
body of the vertebra
Structures of Vertebrae
anterior portion of the vertebra is solid to provide
strength
lamina
Structures of Vertebrae
transverse
and spinous processes extend from this area and
serve as attachments for muscles and tendons
vertebral foramen
Structures of Vertebrae
opening in the middle of
the vertebra. This opening allows the spinal cord to
pass through and to protect the spinal cord
Intervertebral disks
Spinal Column
made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae
from each other
cervical vertebrae
Types of Vertebrae
first set of
seven vertebrae, and they form the neck. known as C1 through C7
thoracic vertebrae
Types of Vertebrae
second set of 12 vertebrae, T1
through T12
lumbar vertebrae
Types of Vertebrae
third set of five vertebrae,
and together they form the inward curve of the lower spine. These are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae, and they bear most of the body’s weight. L1
through L5
sacrum
Types of Vertebrae
slightly curved,
triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that
forms the lower portion of the back. At birth, the sacrum
is composed of five separate bones
coccyx
Types of Vertebrae
tailbone, forms the end of the spine and is actually
made up of four small vertebrae that are fused
together
pelvis
Pelvis
protects internal
organs and supports the lower extremities. In addition
to the sacrum and coccyx, it includes the pelvic girdle
pelvic girdle
Pelvis
cup-shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the trunk
consisting of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
ilium
Pelvis
broad, blade-shaped
bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic
bone
sacroiliac
Pelvis
slightly
movable articulation between the sacrum and
posterior portion of the ilium
ischium
Pelvis
forms the lower
posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears the weight
of the body when sitting
pubis
Pelvis
forms the anterior portion
of the pubic bone, is located just below the urinary
bladder
pubic symphysis
Pelvis
cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic
bones.
symphysis
a place where two bones are closely
joined
acetabulum
Pelvis
hip socket, is the large circular cavity in each side of
the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to
form the hip joint
femurs
largest bones in the
body
Femoral
pertaining to the femur
head of the femur
articulates with the acetabulum
femoral neck
narrow area just below the
head of the femur
patella
Knees
kneecap,
is the bony anterior portion of the knee
popliteal
Knees
the posterior
space behind the knee where the ligaments,
vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located
cruciate ligaments
Knees
anterior and posterior
cruciate ligaments because they are shaped like a cross. Makes movement of the knee possible.
ankles
joints that connect the lower leg
and foot and make the necessary movements possible
tarsal
Ankles
7 bones in the ankle similar to the bones of the
wrists; however, they are much larger in size
malleolus
Ankles
rounded bony
projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each
ankle joint
talus
Ankles
ankle bone that articulates
with the tibia and fibula
calcaneus
Ankles
heel bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones
metatarsals
5 bones that form part of the foot to which the toes are attached
phalanges
bones of the toes
Malignant
becoming progressively worse and life-threatening
Benign
not life-threatening and does not recur. This type of tumor is also known as an exostosis
Comminuted
crushed into small pieces
embolus
any foreign matter circulating in the blood that can become lodged and block the blood vessel
callus
a bulging
deposit around the area of the break. This tissue
eventually becomes bone
Crepitation
crepitus, is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together. This term refers to any
unusual crackling sound or sensation within the body. It is frequently used to describe the popping or clicking sound heard in the movements of some
joints.
Allogenic
originating within another
Autologous
originating
within an individual
