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Medical Terminology > L1 CH2 > Flashcards

L1 CH2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of the structures
of the body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

study of the
functions of the structures of the body

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3
Q

physi

A

nature or physical

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4
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical plane that
divides the body into unequal left and right portions

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5
Q

midsagittal plane, midline

A

sagittal plane that divides the
body into equal left and right halves

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6
Q

frontal plane, coronal plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body
into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

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7
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal plane
that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior
(lower) portions

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8
Q

Ventral

A

front, or belly side, of
the organ or body

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9
Q

ventr

A

belly side of the body

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10
Q

Dorsal

A

the back of the organ
or body

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11
Q

dors

A

back of the body

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12
Q

Anterior

A

situated in the front. It
also means on the front or forward part of an organ

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13
Q

anter

A

front or before

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14
Q

Posterior

A

situated in the
back. It also means on the back part of an organ

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15
Q

poster

A

back or toward the back

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16
Q

Superior

A

uppermost, above, or toward the
head

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17
Q

Inferior

A

lowermost, below, or toward the feet.

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18
Q

Cephalic

A

toward the head

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19
Q

Caudal

A

toward the lower part of the
body

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20
Q

caud

A

tail or lower part of the body

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21
Q

Proximal

A

situated nearest
the midline or beginning of a body structure

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22
Q

Distal

A

situated farthest from the midline
or beginning of a body structure

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23
Q

Medial

A

the direction toward, or
nearer, the midline

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24
Q

Lateral

A

direction toward, or nearer, the
side of the body, away from the midline

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25
Q

dorsal cavity

A

located along the back of the
body and head, contains organs of the nervous system
that coordinate body functions and is divided into two

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26
Q

cranial cavity

A

located within the skull,
surrounds and protects the brain

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27
Q

spinal cavity

A

located within the spinal
column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord

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28
Q

ventral cavity

A

located along the front of the
body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis

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29
Q

Homeostasis

A

the processes
through which the body maintains a constant internal
environment

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30
Q

home

A

constant

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31
Q

-stasis

A

control

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32
Q

thoracic cavity,
chest cavity or thorax

A

surrounds and protects the
heart and the lungs. The diaphragm is a muscle that
separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

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33
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains
the major organs of digestion. This cavity is
frequently referred to simply as the abdomen

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34
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the space formed by
the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive
and excretory systems

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35
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal
and pelvic cavities as a
single unit

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36
Q

inguinal

A

groin, which is the crease at the
junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh

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37
Q

pelv

A

pelvis

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38
Q

chondr/i

A

cartilage

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39
Q

lumb

A

lower back

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40
Q

ili

A

hip bone

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41
Q

peritoneum

A

multilayered
membrane that protects and holds the organs in place
within the abdominal cavity

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42
Q

membrane

A

a thin layer
of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a
space or organ

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43
Q

Parietal

A

cavity wall

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44
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer of the peritoneum
that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

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45
Q

mesentery

A

a fused
double layer of the parietal peritoneum that
attaches parts of the intestine to the interior
abdominal wall

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46
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds
the organs of the abdominal cavity

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47
Q

Visceral

A

relating to the internal organs

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48
Q

retro-

A

behind

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49
Q

periton

A

peritoneum

50
Q

-plasm

A

formative
material of cells

51
Q

Stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to
renew themselves for long periods of time by cell
division

52
Q

gene

word

A

producing

53
Q

-tics

A

pertaining to

54
Q

chromosome

A

genetic structure
located within the nucleus of each cell

55
Q

hist

A

tissue

56
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

forms a protective
covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of
the body. These tissues also form glands

57
Q

adip

A

fat

58
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to

59
Q

Muscle tissue

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to
contract and relax

60
Q

Connective tissues

A

support and connect organs and
other body tissues.

61
Q

Nerve tissue

A

contains cells with the specialized ability to
react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses

62
Q

-plasia

A

formation

63
Q

Aplasia

A

defective development,
or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue

64
Q

Hypoplasia

A

the incomplete
development of an organ or tissue usually due to
a deficiency in the number of cells

65
Q

Anaplasia

A

change in the
structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

66
Q

ana-

A

backward

67
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal development
or growth of cells, tissues, or organs

68
Q

Hyperplasia

A

enlargement
of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal
increase in the number of cells in the tissues

69
Q

Hypertrophy

A

general increase in
the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase
in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues

70
Q

-trophy

A

development

71
Q

exo-

A

out of

72
Q

-crine

A

to secrete

73
Q

endo-

A

within

74
Q

gland

A

group of specialized epithelial cells that are
capable of producing secretions

75
Q

aden

A

gland

76
Q

carcin

A

cancerous

77
Q

Malignant

A

harmful,
capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening

78
Q

organ

A

somewhat independent part of the
body that performs a specific function

79
Q

-pathy

A

disease, suffering, feeling, and emotion

80
Q

pathologist

A

physician who
specializes in the laboratory analysis of diseased tissue
samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis

81
Q

eti-

A

cause

82
Q

Etiology

A

study of the causes of
diseases

83
Q

epi-

A

above

84
Q

dem/i

A

population

85
Q

en-

A

within

86
Q

pan-

A

entire

87
Q

idi/o

A

peculiar

88
Q

A & P

A

anatomy and physiology

89
Q

CD

A

communicable disease

90
Q

CH, chr

A

chromosome

91
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

92
Q

epid

A

epidemic

93
Q

GP

A

general practitioner

94
Q

HD

A

Huntington’s disease

95
Q

LLQ

A

left lower quadrant

96
Q

LUQ

A

left upper quadrant

97
Q

PA

A

physician assistant

98
Q

RLQ

A

right lower quadrant

99
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

100
Q

a nurse with
graduate training who often works as a primary care
provider,usually have a master’s degree

A

nurse practitioner (NP)

101
Q

FAS

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

102
Q

a licensed professional
who works under the supervision of a physician, usually have a master’s degree

A

physician assistant (PA)

103
Q

performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor’s
office, such as coding patients’ medical information,
measuring a patient’s vital signs, administering injections
and drawing blood. Medical assistants also work
in long-term care facilities caring for the elderly

A

medical assistant

104
Q

reviews patients’ medical records
and assigns appropriate codes for treatment and services
provided to each patient based on codes for
medical diagnoses, equipment, and procedures

A

medical coder

105
Q

focuses on diagnosing and treating
life-threatening emergency medical conditions

A

emergency room (ER)

106
Q

doctor who specializes
in high-acuity medicine in the ER. Acuity
refers to the level of severity of an illness

A

emergency physician

107
Q

licensed health care professional who works in a
pre-hospital setting on an ambulance, or in an
emergency room

A

emergency medical technician (EMT)

108
Q

licensed health care
professional who works in a variety of health care settings. They assess patients and provide care following a
doctor’s orders

A

registered nurse (RN)

109
Q

in certain states, works
under the supervision of a doctor or RN to provide basic patient care

A

licensed vocational nurse (LVN), also known as a
licensed practical nurse (LPN

110
Q

works under the
supervision of a RN to provide basic patient care

A

certified nursing assistant (CNA)

111
Q

licensed medical professional who
dispenses prescribed medication to patients

A

pharmacist

112
Q

provides continuously monitored care for critically ill
patients, burn and trauma patients, cardiac patients, or neurological
patients

A

intensive care unit (ICU)

113
Q

a physician specializing in the care of
critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU

A

intensivist

114
Q

focusing on the general
medical care of hospitalized patients.

A

hospitalist

115
Q

unit provides continuous
cardiac monitoring for patients with heart problems
not requiring intensive care

A

telemetry

116
Q

tele

A

distant

117
Q

-metry

A

measure

118
Q

anomaly

A

deviation from normal esp. of a body part

119
Q

Epithelium

A

specialized
epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin
and the surface layer of mucous membranes

120
Q

Endothelium

A

specialized
epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph
vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs

Medical Terminology (37 decks)

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