L1 CH2 Flashcards
Anatomy
study of the structures
of the body
Physiology
study of the
functions of the structures of the body
physi
nature or physical
sagittal plane
vertical plane that
divides the body into unequal left and right portions
midsagittal plane, midline
sagittal plane that divides the
body into equal left and right halves
frontal plane, coronal plane
vertical plane that divides the body
into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
transverse plane
horizontal plane
that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior
(lower) portions
Ventral
front, or belly side, of
the organ or body
ventr
belly side of the body
Dorsal
the back of the organ
or body
dors
back of the body
Anterior
situated in the front. It
also means on the front or forward part of an organ
anter
front or before
Posterior
situated in the
back. It also means on the back part of an organ
poster
back or toward the back
Superior
uppermost, above, or toward the
head
Inferior
lowermost, below, or toward the feet.
Cephalic
toward the head
Caudal
toward the lower part of the
body
caud
tail or lower part of the body
Proximal
situated nearest
the midline or beginning of a body structure
Distal
situated farthest from the midline
or beginning of a body structure
Medial
the direction toward, or
nearer, the midline
Lateral
direction toward, or nearer, the
side of the body, away from the midline
dorsal cavity
located along the back of the
body and head, contains organs of the nervous system
that coordinate body functions and is divided into two
cranial cavity
located within the skull,
surrounds and protects the brain
spinal cavity
located within the spinal
column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
ventral cavity
located along the front of the
body, contains the body organs that sustain homeostasis
Homeostasis
the processes
through which the body maintains a constant internal
environment
home
constant
-stasis
control
thoracic cavity,
chest cavity or thorax
surrounds and protects the
heart and the lungs. The diaphragm is a muscle that
separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
abdominal cavity
contains
the major organs of digestion. This cavity is
frequently referred to simply as the abdomen
pelvic cavity
the space formed by
the hip bones and contains the organs of the reproductive
and excretory systems
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominal
and pelvic cavities as a
single unit
inguinal
groin, which is the crease at the
junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh
pelv
pelvis
chondr/i
cartilage
lumb
lower back
ili
hip bone
peritoneum
multilayered
membrane that protects and holds the organs in place
within the abdominal cavity
membrane
a thin layer
of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a
space or organ
Parietal
cavity wall
parietal peritoneum
outer layer of the peritoneum
that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
mesentery
a fused
double layer of the parietal peritoneum that
attaches parts of the intestine to the interior
abdominal wall
visceral peritoneum
inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds
the organs of the abdominal cavity
Visceral
relating to the internal organs
retro-
behind
periton
peritoneum
-plasm
formative
material of cells
Stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to
renew themselves for long periods of time by cell
division
gene
word
producing
-tics
pertaining to
chromosome
genetic structure
located within the nucleus of each cell
hist
tissue
Epithelial tissue
forms a protective
covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of
the body. These tissues also form glands
adip
fat
-ose
pertaining to
Muscle tissue
contains cells with the specialized ability to
contract and relax
Connective tissues
support and connect organs and
other body tissues.
Nerve tissue
contains cells with the specialized ability to
react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
-plasia
formation
Aplasia
defective development,
or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
Hypoplasia
the incomplete
development of an organ or tissue usually due to
a deficiency in the number of cells
Anaplasia
change in the
structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
ana-
backward
Dysplasia
abnormal development
or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
Hyperplasia
enlargement
of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal
increase in the number of cells in the tissues
Hypertrophy
general increase in
the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase
in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues
-trophy
development
exo-
out of
-crine
to secrete
endo-
within
gland
group of specialized epithelial cells that are
capable of producing secretions
aden
gland
carcin
cancerous
Malignant
harmful,
capable of spreading, and potentially life threatening
organ
somewhat independent part of the
body that performs a specific function
-pathy
disease, suffering, feeling, and emotion
pathologist
physician who
specializes in the laboratory analysis of diseased tissue
samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis
eti-
cause
Etiology
study of the causes of
diseases
epi-
above
dem/i
population
en-
within
pan-
entire
idi/o
peculiar
A & P
anatomy and physiology
CD
communicable disease
CH, chr
chromosome
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
epid
epidemic
GP
general practitioner
HD
Huntington’s disease
LLQ
left lower quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
PA
physician assistant
RLQ
right lower quadrant
RUQ
right upper quadrant
a nurse with
graduate training who often works as a primary care
provider,usually have a master’s degree
nurse practitioner (NP)
FAS
fetal alcohol syndrome
a licensed professional
who works under the supervision of a physician, usually have a master’s degree
physician assistant (PA)
performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor’s
office, such as coding patients’ medical information,
measuring a patient’s vital signs, administering injections
and drawing blood. Medical assistants also work
in long-term care facilities caring for the elderly
medical assistant
reviews patients’ medical records
and assigns appropriate codes for treatment and services
provided to each patient based on codes for
medical diagnoses, equipment, and procedures
medical coder
focuses on diagnosing and treating
life-threatening emergency medical conditions
emergency room (ER)
doctor who specializes
in high-acuity medicine in the ER. Acuity
refers to the level of severity of an illness
emergency physician
licensed health care professional who works in a
pre-hospital setting on an ambulance, or in an
emergency room
emergency medical technician (EMT)
licensed health care
professional who works in a variety of health care settings. They assess patients and provide care following a
doctor’s orders
registered nurse (RN)
in certain states, works
under the supervision of a doctor or RN to provide basic patient care
licensed vocational nurse (LVN), also known as a
licensed practical nurse (LPN
works under the
supervision of a RN to provide basic patient care
certified nursing assistant (CNA)
licensed medical professional who
dispenses prescribed medication to patients
pharmacist
provides continuously monitored care for critically ill
patients, burn and trauma patients, cardiac patients, or neurological
patients
intensive care unit (ICU)
a physician specializing in the care of
critically ill patients hospitalized in the ICU
intensivist
focusing on the general
medical care of hospitalized patients.
hospitalist
unit provides continuous
cardiac monitoring for patients with heart problems
not requiring intensive care
telemetry
tele
distant
-metry
measure
anomaly
deviation from normal esp. of a body part
Epithelium
specialized
epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin
and the surface layer of mucous membranes
Endothelium
specialized
epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph
vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
