L4

Question 1

two types of t cells

Answer 1

CD4 T-cells
CD8 T-cells

Question 2

b cells originate and/or differentiate in the _____

Answer 2

and
bone marrow

Question 3

t-cells ____ in bone marrow

Answer 3

originate

Question 4

t cells differentiate to _____ in the ____

Answer 4

mature t cells
thymus

Question 5

what do t cells differentiate into in the thymus?

Answer 5

helper t cells
cytotoxic t cells

Question 6

jacques miller discovered what

Answer 6

thymectomised mice (no thymus)

Question 7

as we age, our thymus ___

Answer 7

shrinks

Question 8

CD3

Answer 8

not involved in antigen recognition
interacts with TCR to mediate intracellular signalling

Question 9

for a t-cell how does it recognize antigen peptide?

Answer 9

APC presents it to the tcell TCR via MHC (antigen presenting cell)
antigen has to be processed and presented
MHC - major histocompatibility complex

Question 10

how does b cell recognize pathogen

Answer 10

binds to pathogen via BCR

Question 11

in humans what is MHC called

Answer 11

HLA - human leukocyte antigen

Question 12

where is MHC-1

Answer 12

most nucleated cell

Question 13

MHC II has restricted expression

Answer 13

yes - macrophages, b cells

Question 14

alpha and beta chains in MHC-I AND II

Answer 14

I - long alpha chain is bound to membrane and non-covalently linekd to 2 beta chains
II - both chains have transmembrane domains

Question 15

the space between where MHC molecules bind peptides is called

Answer 15

cleft

Question 16

polygenic

Answer 16

contains several different MHC class I and II genes

Question 17

polymorphic

Answer 17

multiple variants of each gene within the population

Question 18

only MHC class ___ and ___ are involved with antigen presenting to T-cells

Answer 18

I and II

Question 19

alpha chain of MHC-I is encoded by the ___, ____ and ___ loci in humans

Answer 19

A B C

Question 20

B2-microglobulin is encoded by a ___ in a ____

Answer 20

gene
different chromosome

Question 21

MHC II encoded by the ___, ___ and ____ regions in humans

Answer 21

DP, DQ, AND DR
(they encode alpha and beta chains)

Question 22

examples of polymorphism

Answer 22

hair eye colour

Question 23

MHC genes are ___ expressed

Answer 23

co-dominantly

Question 24

MHC class I and II = highly specialized antigen presenting molecules that form complexes with ___

Answer 24

peptide ligands

Question 25

class I and II molecules exhibit ____ in the region that binds peptide

Answer 25

polymorphisms

Question 26

antigenic peptides are produced from proteins by a process called ____ to make small fragments

Answer 26

antigen processing

Question 27

class I MHC are involved in presentation of _____ antigens

Answer 27

intracellular - viral

Question 28

class II MHC involved in presentation of ____ antigens

Answer 28

extracellular
parasites, bacteria

Question 29

proteosome

Answer 29

in cell
cleaves what we don’t need anymore

Question 30

in the processing of exogenous antigen to class II MHC, there is involved an ___

Answer 30

invariant chain

Question 31

TCR specificity is determined by both ____ and ____

Answer 31

antigen peptide
MHC

Question 32

what are the co-receptors for MHC 1 and 2

Answer 32

CD4 (MHC 2)
CD8 (MHC 1)

Question 33

what do MHC class I and II do to CD4 classes

Answer 33

they present antigens to CD8/4 T cells