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Immunology > L3 > Flashcards

L3 Flashcards

1
Q

two main types of lymphocytes

A

b lymphocytes (b cells)
t lymphocytes

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2
Q

b cells attack invaders ___ the cells

A

outside

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3
Q

t cells attack invaders ___ the cells

A

inside

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4
Q

b and t cells have ____ on their surface that can recognize ____ molecules

A

receptors
foreign

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5
Q

antibodies produced by b cells can either be _____ or ____-

A

on the surface
secreted

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6
Q

main functions of antibodies

A

bind foreign antigens encountered by host
mediate effector functions to neutralize or eliminate foreign invaders

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7
Q

antibody (ab) = _____ (ig)

A

immunoglobin

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8
Q

what does papain do

A

cuts at the disulphide bonds that link the heavy chains

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9
Q

what are fab fragments

A

fragment antigen binding

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10
Q

fc fragment

A

fragment crytallizable

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11
Q

antibodies are ____ with two identical ___ and two identical ___

A

heterodimers

light chains (L-chain)
heavy chains (H-chain)

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12
Q

what was the first intact antibody cystalized

A

mouse igG2a

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13
Q

molecules recognized by an antibody

A

proteins (most common)
carbs
lipids
dna

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14
Q

the parts of antigens recognized by antibodies are called ____

A

antigenic epitopes

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15
Q

antibody interaction with a speciifc binding site is determined by _____ of the antibody

A

hypervariable regions

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16
Q

the antigen binding site must be ____ in shape to the antigenic epitope

A

complementary

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17
Q

hypervariable regions form the _____

A

complementary determing region (HDR)

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18
Q

conformational epitopes

A

structural, formed by protein folding by may not be a continuous sequences of AA
most antibodies recognize these

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19
Q

linear epitope

A

continuous sequences of AA
less common

20
Q

forced involved in antigen - antibody binding are ___

A

non covalent

21
Q

affinity of antibody binding

A

strength of the bidning between an epitope and an antibody antigen binding site

22
Q

crossreactivity

A

same antibodies could bind different antigenic epitopes

23
Q

avidity

A

overall strength of an antibody-antigen complex

24
Q

what are the three types of antibody response?

A

acquired
specific
memory

25
Q

what is acquired antibody response?

A

after exposure to pathogen

26
Q

what is speciifc antibody response

A

for a speciifc pathogen

27
Q

what is memory antibody respone

A

2nd respose - bigger and faster

28
Q

what are the three types of innate immune response?

A

immediate
not specific
no memor

29
Q

what is immediate innate imune response

A

pre-existing

30
Q

what is not specific innate immune response

A

for any one pathogen

31
Q

what is no memory immune response?

A

2nd response same as 1st

32
Q

what is the humoral immune response mediated by?

A

antibodies

33
Q

antibody effector functions

A

neutralization
opsonization
activation of compleent
antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

34
Q

neutralization

A

antibody prevents a pathogen or protein from binding to their target

35
Q

opsonization

A

pathogen tagged by antibody is phagocytozed by phagocytic cells such as macrophage or neutrophil

36
Q

what happens in opsonization

A

fc-domain of the antibody binds to the fc receptor on the phagocyte to trigger phagocytosis

37
Q

complement activtion

A

antibodies attached to the surgace of the pathogen activate the first protein in the complement system

38
Q

what two things can complement activation lead to?

A

deposit complement proteins on the surface of the bacterium that leads to pore formation and lyse the bacterium directly

complement receptors on phagocytes recognize these complement proteins and induce phagocytosis

39
Q

ADCC

A

host cells infected by some viruses can express viral proteins on the surface which are recognized by antibodies against that particular virus

cells with FcR can bind the antiboyd and kill the target cell by releasing perforin

40
Q

ADCC mediates ___ killing

A

extracellular

41
Q

agglutination

A

ability of an antibody to immunoprecipitate a soluble or non-soluble antigen

42
Q

antibody classes

A

igG
igM
igD
igA1
igE

43
Q

igG

A

most abundant

44
Q

igM

A

earliest antibody made after Ag contact
up to 10 binding sites

45
Q

IgD

A

rare
function in serum unclear

46
Q

IgA1

A

serum and major Ig in mucosa

47
Q

IgF

A

lowest in serum
produced by mast cells
important in allergy and worm infection

Immunology (8 decks)

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